<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361</id><updated>2012-03-15T07:12:41.879-07:00</updated><title type='text'>BÀI SOẠN VỀ SIÊU ÂM CHẨN ĐOÁN</title><subtitle type='html'>BS NGUYỄN THIỆN HÙNG</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>226</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-6346791085847293571</id><published>2012-03-10T00:10:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2012-03-13T08:31:34.389-07:00</updated><title type='text'>SIÊU ÂM NGỰC và VIÊM PHỔI DO VIRUS CÚM H1N1</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siêu âm ngựcphát hiện sớm viêm phổi do đại dịch cúm H1N1 năm 2009, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Americo Testa, Gino Soldati, Roberto Copetti, Rosangela Giannuzzi, Grazia Portale, Nicolo Gentiloni-Silveri,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Critical Care 2012, 16:R30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dẫn nhập&lt;/strong&gt;: Hình ảnh lâm sàngcủa đại dịch cúm A (H1N1) thay đổi từ một nhiễm trùng tự giới hạn đến viêmphổi tiến triển nhanh. Cần chẩn đoán ngay và điều trị đúng lúc.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Chụp x-quang ngực (CRx)thường không phát hiện giai đoạn mô kẽ sớm. Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là đểđánh giá các vai trò của siêu âm ngực cạnh giường bệnh trong việc xử trísớm nhiễm virus cúm A (H1N1) &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;2009.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Phương pháp&lt;/strong&gt;: 98 bệnh nhân gửiđến khoa cấp cứu vì triệu chứng giống như bệnh cúm đã được ghi danh trong nghiêncứu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Bệnh nhân không có biểu hiện cáchội chứng suy hô hấp cấp tính đã được xuất viện mà không cần khảo sát thêm.Trong số các bệnh nhân bị nghi ngờ lâm sàng của viêm phổi mắc phải, các trườnghợp có chẩn đoán khác hoặc có bệnhkhác kèm theo &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;đều được loại trừ khỏinghiên cứu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Bệnh sử, xét nghiệm,Xquang ngực, CT scan nếu có chỉ định, góp phần xác định chẩn đoán viêm phổi ởcác bệnh nhân còn lại. &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Siêu âm ngực &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;được thực hiện bởi một bác sĩ cấp cứu, &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;tìm &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;hộichứng mô kẽ, đông đặc phế nang, đường màng phổi bất thường và tràn dịchmàng phổi, trong 34 bệnh nhân có chẩn đoán sau cùng của viêm phổi, 16 ca có Xquangphổi bình thường ban đầu, và &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;33 ca khôngcó &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;viêm phổi, là nhóm chứng.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kết quả&lt;/strong&gt;: Siêu âm ngực ở tất cả đối tượng, được thực hiện mà không gây bất tiện, chỉ trong một thời giantương đối ngắn (9 phút, khoảng 7-13 phút).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Kiểu siêu âm bất thường đượcphát hiện ở 32/34 bệnh nhân viêm phổi (94,1%). Kiểu SA của &lt;strong&gt;hội chứng mô kẽ&lt;/strong&gt;được phát hiện ở 15/16 bệnh nhân có Xquang phổi bình thường đầu tiên, trongsố đó 10 ca (62,5%) có chẩn đoán cuối cùng của viêm phổi &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;virus (H1N1).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Bệnh nhân viêm phổi và Xquangphổi bất thường ban đầu, trong số đó chỉ có 4 ca có chẩn đoán cuối cùng của viêmphổi virus (H1N1) (22,2%, P&amp;lt; 0,05), chủ yếu là hiển thị kiểu siêu âm đôngđặc phế nang. Cuối cùng, kiểu SA hội chứng mô kẽ dương tính được tìm thấytrong 5/33 ca nhóm chứng (15,1%).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Âm tính giả gồm 2/34 trường hợp (5,9%) và dương tính giả là&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;5/33 ca (15,1%), với độ nhạy 94,1%, độ đặc hiệu 84.8%, giá trị &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;tiên đoán dương tính là 865% và giá trị &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;tiên đoán âm tính là 93,3%.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kết luận&lt;/strong&gt;: SA ngực tạigiường là công cụ hiệu quả để chẩn đoán viêm phổi ở khoa cấp cứu. Ngoài ra, SAngực&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;có thể phát hiện chính xác giaiđoạn sớm &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;bệnh nhân viêm phổi virus(H1N1) mà ban đầu có hình Xquang phổi bình thường.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Đề xuất tích hợp SA ngựcvào xử trí lâm sàng theo lệ (routine).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;_______________________________________________&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; mso-line-height-alt: 9.0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kiểu SA của hội chứng mô kẽ&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Interstitial syndrome): Có&amp;nbsp;ít nhất 3 &amp;nbsp;ultrasound lung comets trên mặt cắt dọc giữa 2 xương sườn từ mặt phân cách phổi-thành ngực trải ra theo hình nan quạt (xem hình dưới bên phải).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mB0Trzv61Iw/T19k0QhPKtI/AAAAAAAAFNk/pmDPR81HCeQ/s1600/hc+mo+ke.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="322" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mB0Trzv61Iw/T19k0QhPKtI/AAAAAAAAFNk/pmDPR81HCeQ/s640/hc+mo+ke.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fx5VeyPQkZo/T1sMFzpoVGI/AAAAAAAAFMY/k7S2ZXqWTAA/s1600/Slide2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fx5VeyPQkZo/T1sMFzpoVGI/AAAAAAAAFMY/k7S2ZXqWTAA/s640/Slide2.PNG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8xgtHqPfZ-M/T1sMME4s02I/AAAAAAAAFMg/YwzEXjjnIno/s1600/Slide3.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8xgtHqPfZ-M/T1sMME4s02I/AAAAAAAAFMg/YwzEXjjnIno/s640/Slide3.PNG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BlZYl8a9h_o/T1sMVdaA2zI/AAAAAAAAFMw/EwMLfDdibYA/s1600/Slide5.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BlZYl8a9h_o/T1sMVdaA2zI/AAAAAAAAFMw/EwMLfDdibYA/s320/Slide5.PNG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xpFCZ9WqiJ4/T1sMX8EXpRI/AAAAAAAAFM4/FN0HwpjNOMc/s1600/Slide6.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xpFCZ9WqiJ4/T1sMX8EXpRI/AAAAAAAAFM4/FN0HwpjNOMc/s320/Slide6.PNG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MVNO-NY0VH4/T1sMP_eywCI/AAAAAAAAFMo/aru97U_qHk8/s1600/Slide4.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MVNO-NY0VH4/T1sMP_eywCI/AAAAAAAAFMo/aru97U_qHk8/s640/Slide4.PNG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;_________________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Đọc thêm về ultrasound lung comet và sonographic interstitial syndrome:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;SonographicInterstitial Syndrome: The Sound of Lung Water&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR" style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;GinoSoldati,&amp;nbsp;Roberto Copetti, Sara Sher, JUM February 1, 2009.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v4NZqBaEWT0/T1y4kp3dxGI/AAAAAAAAFNA/DGIm2_TJ5jc/s1600/SA+hc+mo+ke+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="356" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v4NZqBaEWT0/T1y4kp3dxGI/AAAAAAAAFNA/DGIm2_TJ5jc/s640/SA+hc+mo+ke+1.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective&lt;/strong&gt;. Ultrasound lung comets (ULCs) now have anacknowledged correlation with extravascular lung water, but they present indifferent orders and numbers in different pathologic pulmonary entities. Howthese artifacts are created is not yet known, and the literature givesdiscordant hypotheses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Understanding their formation is the first step inunderstanding lung disease. The purpose of this study was to show themorphologic and genetic variability of interstitial lung disease studied withechography and thus to propose a unitary mechanism for the formation of ULCs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;. This study included 3 parts: (1) a retrospectiveanalysis of echographic lung images of patients with interstitial &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;syndrome; (2) an analysis of the literature for definitionsof the size of the pulmonary lobule; and (3) an experimental model of differentair-water interfaces scanned with varying ultrasonic frequencies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;. The retrospective analysis of echographic lungimages included 176 patients with diffuse ULCs: 118 patients had acutepulmonary edema; 18 had acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome;and 40 were premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Experimentalmodels permitted us to discover that ring-down artifacts are produced only bysingle and double layers of bubbles in specific structural settings. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;. Reverberation between bubbles with a criticalradius seems to be at the origin of ring-down artifacts. Echographicmanifestations of interstitial lung disease, whose genesis lies in the partialair loss of lobes and segments, are acoustic phenomena originating fromvariations in the tissue-fluid relationship of the lung. A correlation betweenanatomopathologic characteristics and structures of sonographic artifacts couldallow more rapid and noninvasive diagnoses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Key words: resonance, reverberation, ultrasound lung comets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;In recent years, lungsonography has undergone rapid development and gained increasing diagnosticpotential. The evidence of &lt;strong&gt;echographic interstitial syndrome&lt;/strong&gt;, in particular,has shown a significant correlation with &lt;strong&gt;extravascular lung water&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-1#ref-1" id="xref-ref-1-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-2#ref-2" id="xref-ref-2-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in bothadults and neonates&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-3#ref-3" id="xref-ref-3-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in casesof pulmonary edema and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (acute lung injury[ALI]/acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]).&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-4#ref-4" id="xref-ref-4-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-5#ref-5" id="xref-ref-5-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; This hasenabled sufficiently accurate diagnoses in the fields of cardiology,pediatrics, intensive care, and emergency medicine, helping differentiatebronchial disease from that of the interstitial space and alveoli.&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-6#ref-6" id="xref-ref-6-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-7#ref-7" id="xref-ref-7-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Althoughclinical and experimental studies have confirmed the existing correlationbetween the artifacts that constitute &lt;strong&gt;interstitial syndrome&lt;/strong&gt; (known as &lt;strong&gt;B-lines&lt;/strong&gt;or &lt;strong&gt;ultrasound lung comets&lt;/strong&gt; [ULCs]) and &lt;strong&gt;interstitial lung disease&lt;/strong&gt;, the essence ofthe artifacts themselves, their biophysics, and their genesis are scarcelyknown.&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-8#ref-8" id="xref-ref-8-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-9#ref-9" id="xref-ref-9-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" id="p-6" style="background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;Analysisof recent literature appears limited to the contributions on “ring-downartifacts” given by Avruch and Cooperberg&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-10#ref-10" id="xref-ref-10-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; andLichtenstein et al,&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-8#ref-8" id="xref-ref-8-2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; whoactually recognize different anatomic substrates and different causalmechanisms as the origin of the echographic images. Lichtenstein et al&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-8#ref-8" id="xref-ref-8-3"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;attribute the origin of ULCs to the thickening of subpleural interlobularsepta, which would cause “fragmentation” of the pleural specular reflector atthe points of greatest impedance. Although they indicate that computedtomographic (CT) ground glass areas also produce closely related artifacts, abiophysical explanation able to clarify their origin (reverberation, resonance,or other) is not given. According to these authors, the pleural projection ofinterlobular septa and thus their correspondence with B-lines would be at a meandistance of 7 mm. Other authors of cardiologic extraction reproduced a similarhypothesis, which could be defined as “septal.”&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-11#ref-11" id="xref-ref-11-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;Completelydifferent is the hypothesis proposed by Avruch and Cooperberg&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-10#ref-10" id="xref-ref-10-2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in thegastroenterologic field&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-12#ref-12" id="xref-ref-12-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; andlater reviewed by Kremkau and Taylor,&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-13#ref-13" id="xref-ref-13-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which,however, does not take into consideration the behavior of the lung, which wasproposed by Kohzaki et al.&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full#ref-14#ref-14" id="xref-ref-14-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Inthese cases, what the authors propose is a mechanism of resonance among groupsof air bubbles in which the vibrating structure is the liquid film interposedbetween gaseous collections. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;Becauseclinical evidence brings us to think that a different concentration anddistribution of artifacts in each single intercostal thoracic scan is able toindicate different pathologic situations both for etiology and severity (eg,cardiogenic versus noncardiogenic pulmonary edema), we designed this study tobetter understand and delineate the biophysical basis of sonographic artifactformation in interstitial lung disease. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="color: #403838; font-family: &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;Wehypothesized that the mechanism underlying artifact formation in interstitial lungdisease is &lt;strong&gt;reverberation coherent&lt;/strong&gt; with topologic and pathologic variations ofthe lung interstice, and we designed this study to validate this hypothesis. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Definitions &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Practice in this field has produced terminology that hasbeen described in both a review and a monograph. The following is a summary ofthe terms used in the article:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comet tail artifact&lt;/strong&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Sonographic artifact with an appearancesimilar to that of the ring-down artifact but more attenuated, shorter, andtapering in depth as in the tail of a comet. The mechanism underlying comettail artifact formation is &lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"&gt;reverberation.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interstitial-alveolar syndrome&lt;/strong&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Interstitial syndrome withULCs separated by a distance inferior to that present in septal syndrome and upto their confluency (Figure 1c).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interstitial syndrome&lt;/strong&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;The presence of multiple ULCs (atleast 3 in a longitudinal scan between 2 ribs) fanning out from the lung-wall interface.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ring-down artifact&lt;/strong&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Ultrasound artifact that appears as aseries of bands or solid narrow-based spreading streaks radiating from a gascollection to the edge of the screen. Analysis of this artifact shows anacoustic signal with electronic processing converting this sound wave into a seriesof bands (Figure 1). In the literature, the mechanism producing ring-downartifacts is debated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Septal syndrome&lt;/strong&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;The presence of interstitial syndrome withULCs separated by a distance equivalent to that of the superficial pleural projectionsof interlobular septa (Figure 1, a and b). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ultrasound lung comets&lt;/strong&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Also known in the literature asB-lines, hyperechoic narrow-based artifacts (ring-down artifacts) spreadinglike laser rays from the pleural line to the edge of the screen. We consideredthe terms&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;lung comets and ULCsequivalent when used to indicate a pulmonary interstitial syndrome. &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;We did not consider&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;comet tail artifacts, as described by &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Shapiro and Winsburg, equivalent to ULCs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;White lung&lt;/strong&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Completely white echographic lung field withcoalescent ULCs and no horizontal reverberation (Figure 1d).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7qQ2Tqxjtm8/T1y6ZC0gV8I/AAAAAAAAFNI/LnS3fMZt08c/s1600/SA+hc+mo+ke+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7qQ2Tqxjtm8/T1y6ZC0gV8I/AAAAAAAAFNI/LnS3fMZt08c/s640/SA+hc+mo+ke+2.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Xem nguyên văn xin kích vào link bên dưới để download trọn bài.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list: Ignore;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir="LTR"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full" target="_parent"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Sonographic Interstitial Syndrome - Journal of Ultrasound inMedicine &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/28/2/163.full&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-6346791085847293571?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/6346791085847293571/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=6346791085847293571' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/6346791085847293571'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/6346791085847293571'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/03/sieu-am-nguc-va-cum-h1n1.html' title='SIÊU ÂM NGỰC và VIÊM PHỔI DO VIRUS CÚM H1N1'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mB0Trzv61Iw/T19k0QhPKtI/AAAAAAAAFNk/pmDPR81HCeQ/s72-c/hc+mo+ke.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-6661793497860539853</id><published>2012-03-02T08:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-03-05T22:51:54.620-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SỐT RÉT ẢNH HƯỞNG PHÁT TRIỂN BÀO THAI: BẰNG CHỨNG SIÊU ÂM TRỰC TIẾP ĐẦU TIÊN</title><content type='html'>Siêu âm phát hiện đường kính trung bình đầu thai nhi nhỏ hơn có ý nghĩa khi thai phụ nhiễm sốt rét trong nửa đầu thai kỳ khi so sánh với thai phụ không bị sốt rét. Bình quân, ở giữa thai kỳ, đường kính đầu thai nhi đo bằng siêu âm nhỏ hơn 2% khi bị sốt rét. Ngay cả đối với người chỉ nhiễm và được điều trị &lt;em&gt;P. falciparum&lt;/em&gt; và &lt;em&gt;P. vivax&lt;/em&gt; cũng có liên quan đến giảm đường kính đầu thai nhi, bất kể thai phụ có triệu chứng hoặc không.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FX4Ar_5nR44/T1D6kKzu4_I/AAAAAAAAFKA/goP8kkFLDOQ/s1600/Plos+One.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="358" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FX4Ar_5nR44/T1D6kKzu4_I/AAAAAAAAFKA/goP8kkFLDOQ/s640/Plos+One.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;. &lt;br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Abstract &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3 xpathlocation="noSelect"&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div xpathlocation="/article[1]/front[1]/article-meta[1]/abstract[1]/sec[1]/p[1]"&gt;Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT), the main strategy to prevent malaria and reduce anaemia and low birthweight, focuses on the second half of pregnancy. However, intrauterine growth restriction may occur earlier in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of malaria in the first half of pregnancy by comparing the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) of infected and uninfected women whose pregnancies had been accurately dated by crown rump length (CRL) before 14 weeks of gestation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 xpathlocation="noSelect"&gt;Methodology/Principal Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div xpathlocation="/article[1]/front[1]/article-meta[1]/abstract[1]/sec[2]/p[1]"&gt;In 3,779 women living on the Thai-Myanmar border who delivered a normal singleton live born baby between 2001–10 and who had gestational age estimated by CRL measurement &amp;lt;14 weeks, the observed and expected BPD z-scores (&amp;lt; 24 weeks) in pregnancies that were (n = 336) and were not (n = 3,443) complicated by malaria between the two scans were compared. The mean (standard deviation) fetal BPD z-scores in women with &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium (P) falciparum&lt;/em&gt; and/or &lt;em&gt;P.vivax&lt;/em&gt; malaria infections were significantly lower than in non-infected pregnancies; −0.57 (1.13) versus −0.10 (1.17), p &amp;lt; 0.001. Even a single or an asymptomatic malaria episode resulted in a significantly lower z-score. Fetal female sex (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and low body mass index (p = 0.01) were also independently associated with a smaller BPD in multivariate analysis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7ZxhEPrNdjc/T1EAoySULvI/AAAAAAAAFKI/ukDPbYTNnO8/s1600/malaria+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="178" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7ZxhEPrNdjc/T1EAoySULvI/AAAAAAAAFKI/ukDPbYTNnO8/s640/malaria+1.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8Nz6yCqeOWA/T1EAxIZ0DeI/AAAAAAAAFKQ/1LIu-TYSGfs/s1600/malaria+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8Nz6yCqeOWA/T1EAxIZ0DeI/AAAAAAAAFKQ/1LIu-TYSGfs/s640/malaria+2.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nAYhM5ag1AU/T1EA4pQVXOI/AAAAAAAAFKY/-m4mec9edCo/s1600/malaria+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="428" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nAYhM5ag1AU/T1EA4pQVXOI/AAAAAAAAFKY/-m4mec9edCo/s640/malaria+3.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 xpathlocation="noSelect"&gt;Conclusions/Significance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div xpathlocation="/article[1]/front[1]/article-meta[1]/abstract[1]/sec[3]/p[1]"&gt;Despite early treatment in all positive women, one or more (a)symptomatic &lt;em&gt;P.falciparum&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;P.vivax&lt;/em&gt; malaria infections in the first half of pregnancy result in a smaller than expected mid-trimester fetal head diameter. Strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy should include early pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-6661793497860539853?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/6661793497860539853/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=6661793497860539853' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/6661793497860539853'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/6661793497860539853'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/03/sot-ret-anh-huong-phat-trien-bao-thai.html' title='SỐT RÉT ẢNH HƯỞNG PHÁT TRIỂN BÀO THAI: BẰNG CHỨNG SIÊU ÂM TRỰC TIẾP ĐẦU TIÊN'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FX4Ar_5nR44/T1D6kKzu4_I/AAAAAAAAFKA/goP8kkFLDOQ/s72-c/Plos+One.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-1489385231159135331</id><published>2012-03-02T04:05:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2012-03-02T04:05:43.435-08:00</updated><title type='text'>GÂN TRÊN GAI: SO SÁNH SIÊU ÂM 2D với 3D</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9byGX5l-ub4/T1C228fPQQI/AAAAAAAAFI4/_yt7XoFjZgI/s1600/aium.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="136" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9byGX5l-ub4/T1C228fPQQI/AAAAAAAAFI4/_yt7XoFjZgI/s640/aium.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DzIFXVtvUig/T1C28w01QqI/AAAAAAAAFJA/itvr3rwOVwc/s1600/rach+CX+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="355" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DzIFXVtvUig/T1C28w01QqI/AAAAAAAAFJA/itvr3rwOVwc/s640/rach+CX+1.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qCp1XUuI300/T1C3JKyCS6I/AAAAAAAAFJI/7GQDONnNOE4/s1600/rach+CX+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="350" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qCp1XUuI300/T1C3JKyCS6I/AAAAAAAAFJI/7GQDONnNOE4/s640/rach+CX+2.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l9XHdnVDPMI/T1C3Uk5um6I/AAAAAAAAFJQ/9RYCrJR5ido/s1600/rach+CX+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="346" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l9XHdnVDPMI/T1C3Uk5um6I/AAAAAAAAFJQ/9RYCrJR5ido/s640/rach+CX+3.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X1cgR5ZdcGA/T1C3dgGL9zI/AAAAAAAAFJY/XNwCz1wjz9c/s1600/rach+CX+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="348" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X1cgR5ZdcGA/T1C3dgGL9zI/AAAAAAAAFJY/XNwCz1wjz9c/s640/rach+CX+4.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-1489385231159135331?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/1489385231159135331/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=1489385231159135331' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1489385231159135331'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1489385231159135331'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/03/gan-tren-gai-so-sanh-sieu-am-2d-voi-3d.html' title='GÂN TRÊN GAI: SO SÁNH SIÊU ÂM 2D với 3D'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9byGX5l-ub4/T1C228fPQQI/AAAAAAAAFI4/_yt7XoFjZgI/s72-c/aium.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-6416975091275412889</id><published>2012-03-02T04:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-03-02T09:38:55.282-08:00</updated><title type='text'>KHÁM TRÀN KHÍ MÀNG PHỔI HÃY NHỚ ĐẾN SIÊU ÂM</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u6diTReTR6I/T1C1DtjvFRI/AAAAAAAAFIQ/9flotP1dMZw/s1600/pneumothorax+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u6diTReTR6I/T1C1DtjvFRI/AAAAAAAAFIQ/9flotP1dMZw/s640/pneumothorax+1.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Fs88-IeWqYw/T1C1JfpmIdI/AAAAAAAAFIY/mBxFchHKoMI/s1600/pneumothorax+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Fs88-IeWqYw/T1C1JfpmIdI/AAAAAAAAFIY/mBxFchHKoMI/s640/pneumothorax+2.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8g_TmjWl4q8/T1C1l2FPOSI/AAAAAAAAFIg/btqPOnTKUDU/s1600/pneumothorax+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="368" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8g_TmjWl4q8/T1C1l2FPOSI/AAAAAAAAFIg/btqPOnTKUDU/s400/pneumothorax+3.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XckFbI1ik8M/T1C1wT8C4EI/AAAAAAAAFIo/2PiLuI75gsc/s1600/pneumothorax+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="346" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XckFbI1ik8M/T1C1wT8C4EI/AAAAAAAAFIo/2PiLuI75gsc/s400/pneumothorax+4.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8Bm9orloRbI/T1C13zlgZeI/AAAAAAAAFIw/dCzLl6kX3aE/s1600/pneumothorax+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="218" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8Bm9orloRbI/T1C13zlgZeI/AAAAAAAAFIw/dCzLl6kX3aE/s400/pneumothorax+5.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Video 1: Normal lung sliding&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object width="320" height="266" class="BLOG_video_class" id="BLOG_video-bb64b7a412bcb349" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/get_player"&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF"&gt;&lt;param name="allowfullscreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="flashvars" value="flvurl=http://v1.nonxt1.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3Dbb64b7a412bcb349%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1334017466%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D4367F093429644BB606BEE384BB15D399FBF00AE.502C332EE61372641E27373A73B9BC4E79649133%26key%3Dck1&amp;amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3Dbb64b7a412bcb349%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DQ1ZSlByNYCqHOi2Sl2CB7SzhxzQ&amp;amp;autoplay=0&amp;amp;ps=blogger"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/get_player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"width="320" height="266" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"flashvars="flvurl=http://v1.nonxt1.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3Dbb64b7a412bcb349%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1334017466%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D4367F093429644BB606BEE384BB15D399FBF00AE.502C332EE61372641E27373A73B9BC4E79649133%26key%3Dck1&amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3Dbb64b7a412bcb349%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DQ1ZSlByNYCqHOi2Sl2CB7SzhxzQ&amp;autoplay=0&amp;ps=blogger"allowFullScreen="true" /&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;Video 2: Pneumothorax with no lung sliding&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object width="320" height="266" class="BLOG_video_class" id="BLOG_video-cf18559dd3d4b979" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/get_player"&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF"&gt;&lt;param name="allowfullscreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="flashvars" value="flvurl=http://v22.nonxt2.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3Dcf18559dd3d4b979%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1334017466%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D3A7BBDF9E591749CEA26D514C401C6EE273A8878.3933A9E06593E050ABD8D4EE694A0B66FC5DF431%26key%3Dck1&amp;amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3Dcf18559dd3d4b979%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DhDJ96MY02KmES9OutA3MdwgGTE4&amp;amp;autoplay=0&amp;amp;ps=blogger"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/get_player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"width="320" height="266" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"flashvars="flvurl=http://v22.nonxt2.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3Dcf18559dd3d4b979%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1334017466%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D3A7BBDF9E591749CEA26D514C401C6EE273A8878.3933A9E06593E050ABD8D4EE694A0B66FC5DF431%26key%3Dck1&amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3Dcf18559dd3d4b979%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DhDJ96MY02KmES9OutA3MdwgGTE4&amp;autoplay=0&amp;ps=blogger"allowFullScreen="true" /&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;Video 3: Lung point sign&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object width="320" height="266" class="BLOG_video_class" id="BLOG_video-7e7ec759a74254a0" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/get_player"&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF"&gt;&lt;param name="allowfullscreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="flashvars" value="flvurl=http://v3.nonxt5.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3D7e7ec759a74254a0%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1334017466%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D105362316710F4A9A4EA01B37A0429234F5BB6D5.48B7B2323FAFE720488AA44D05462CA6A036FF08%26key%3Dck1&amp;amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3D7e7ec759a74254a0%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DBowXCZzKZJoixFvVTtmix3K6S5A&amp;amp;autoplay=0&amp;amp;ps=blogger"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/get_player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"width="320" height="266" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"flashvars="flvurl=http://v3.nonxt5.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3D7e7ec759a74254a0%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1334017466%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D105362316710F4A9A4EA01B37A0429234F5BB6D5.48B7B2323FAFE720488AA44D05462CA6A036FF08%26key%3Dck1&amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3D7e7ec759a74254a0%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DBowXCZzKZJoixFvVTtmix3K6S5A&amp;autoplay=0&amp;ps=blogger"allowFullScreen="true" /&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-6416975091275412889?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/6416975091275412889/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=6416975091275412889' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/6416975091275412889'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/6416975091275412889'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/03/kham-tran-khi-mang-phoi-hay-nho-en-sieu.html' title='KHÁM TRÀN KHÍ MÀNG PHỔI HÃY NHỚ ĐẾN SIÊU ÂM'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u6diTReTR6I/T1C1DtjvFRI/AAAAAAAAFIQ/9flotP1dMZw/s72-c/pneumothorax+1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-8388040876654214394</id><published>2012-03-01T14:41:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2012-03-06T05:39:00.972-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SW Imaging of the Breast : Still on the Learning Curve</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;Shear Wave Imaging of the Breast: Still on the Learning Curve&lt;/b&gt;,  Richard G. Barr, MD, PhD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Trong &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;số tháng 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;năm 2012của tạp chí &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;JUM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;, Bai &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;và cs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt; trình bày kết quả về việc đánh giá của &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;các khối đặc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt; vú với &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;tạo hình &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;định lượng xung &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;lực &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;bức xạ âm (ARFI).Trong nghiên cứu này, họ thấy rằng 63,4% các ung thư vú có kết quả là "X,XXm/s," chỉ ra rằng kết quả đo lường có thể không tính được. Tạo hình ARFI địnhlượng (VTQ, Siemens, Mountain View, CA) sử dụng các thuật toán có bao gồm một test của khoảng tin cậy đánh giávận tốc sóng biến dạng. Thuật toán bác bỏ các dữ liệu nếu khoảng tin cậythấp (&amp;lt; 0,8) do một số yếu tố chất lượng, gồm biên độ sóng biến dạng và nhiễuồn. Nếu dữ liệu bị từ chối, hệ thống sẽ gán cho giá trị tốc độ của sóng biếndạng (Vs) là X,XX m/s. Chúng tôi từng thấy nhiều kết quả tương tự trong khảosát của chúng tôi. Có nhiều lý do tại sao một kết quả X,XX m/s có thể xảy ra,như &lt;strong&gt;thu thập dữ liệu không đúng&lt;/strong&gt; (chuyển động mô và chuyển động đầu dò), &lt;strong&gt;tốcđộ sóng biến dạng vượt quá phạm vi đo tối đa là 8,4 m/s&lt;/strong&gt; (giới hạn của các kỹthuật ARFI trong trường hợp này), hoặc một &lt;strong&gt;sóng biến dạng kém chất lượng&lt;/strong&gt;. Vớitạo hình vú, dễ loại bỏ chuyển động hơn trong tạo hình bụng, khi đó chuyểnđộng do thở và/hoặc chuyển động mạch máu&amp;nbsp;là vấn đề lớn hơn so với vú. Theo kinhnghiệm của chúng tôi, chuyển động dễ kiểm soát &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;trong đo đàn hồi vú, và chưa làvấn đề. Trong những trường hợp này, nhiều đo đạc lặp đi lặp lại ở cùng một tổnthương cho một kết quả X,XX-m/s. Tuy có thể, vẫn không chắc rằng tất cả cácung thư vú có tốc độ sóng biến dạng vượt quá 8,4 m/s. Chúng tôi có thể nắmbắt tín hiệu dữ liệu thô trong hệ thống nghiên cứu từ trường hợp lâm sàng vàxử lý dữ liệu sóng biến dạng khi off line.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Hình 1 minh họa nguyên tắc tạo hình ARFI địnhlượng. A biểu thị cho các xung kích thích; B là vùng ROI nơi phát hiện sóngbiến dạng; C đại diện cho profiles dời chỗ &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;sóng biến dạng ở khoảng cách xa các xungkích thích; và D là phân tích hồi qui tuyến tính được sử dụng để ước lượng vậntốc sóng biến dạng. Trong hình 2, kiểu sóng biến dạng điển hình từ khu vựcmô mỡ &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;trong vú bệnh nhân được trìnhbày. Mỗi đường cong riêng biệt thực hiện ở khoảng cách khác nhau từ xung đẩycó nhiễu ồn tối thiểu. Thời gian đạt đỉnh (time to peak) cho mỗi đường congđược sử dụng để tính toán tốc độ sóng biến dạng.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Hình 3A hiển thị tương tự từ một invasive ductal cancer.Lưu ý rằng biên độ sóng biến dạng thấp và nhiễu ồn từ bên trong khối ungthư, nhưng&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;đáp ứng sóng biến dạngmềm thấy được trong mô bình thường xung quanh. Cần thiết đánh giá thêm để hiểunguyên nhân gây ra kết quả này và không bàn luận ở đây. Trong trường hợp này,tốc độ sóng biến dạng từ bên trong khối ung thư có thể đo không chính xác.Các thuật toán ARFI loại bỏ những dữ liệu chất lượng này, do đó đưa ra mộtkết quả là X,XX m/s.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Các tác giả chomột giả định thích hợp rằng trong tổn thương không phải noncystic này là "artifact"hoặc kết quả X,XX-m/s, như &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;trong khốiung thư cứng. Bằng cách sử dụng giả định này, kết quả của họ là rất đáng khíchlệ. Nang đơn thuần cũng có thể cho một kết quả X,XX m/s, &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;vì sóng biến dạng không truyền quanon-viscous fluid [dịch không nhớt]. Tuy nhiên, dấu hiệu này gây ra nghivấn khác về tạo hình sóng biến dạng. Theo kinh nghiệm của chúng tôi,cũng như với các tác giả khác, là khimột bản đồ màu (color map) được sử dụng để hiển thị lớp phủ (overplay) lêncác kết quả Vs hoặc kPa (tissue modulus), một số khối ung thư không được mãhoá đúng bởi vì các thuật toán không hỗ trợ cho sóng biến dạng chất lượng kém. Các khốiung thư cứng thường có một vành quanh các giá trị sóng biến dạng cao, đượcdùng để chẩn đoán. Nếu các tác giả cũng lấy số đo ARFI trong khu vực"vòng" này, sẽ có khả năng có được kết quả Vs cao. Vòng ngoài thườnglà có giá trị vì tuy nhiễu ồn nhưng vẫn có sóng biến dạng có thể đọcđược (interpretable) (hình 3, A và B).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Hình 1.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Nguyên tắc tạohình ARFI định lượng. &lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; là xung kích thích; &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt; là ROI nơi phát hiện sóngbiến dạng; &lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;đại diện cho profilesdời chỗ của sóng biến dạng ở các khoảng cách xa xung kích thích; và &lt;strong&gt;D&lt;/strong&gt; làphân tích hồi qui tuyến tính được sử dụng để đánh giá tốc độ sóng biếndạng.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Tuy nhiên, chúngtôi cũng đã gặp một số khối ung thư với tạo hình sóng biến dạng được mãhoá với tốc độ Vs thấp, gợi ý là tổn thương lành tính mà không có một vòngVs cao xung quanh. Kết quả này có thể do thuật toán thông dịch &lt;strong&gt;sóng biến dạng biên độ &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;thấp&lt;/strong&gt; và/hoặc &lt;strong&gt;nhiễu ồn cógiá trị Vs chậm&lt;/strong&gt;. Cần phải nhớ rằng trong một thiết lập lâm sàng được yêu cầuvới công nghệ mới cần được xác nhận các thuật toán là chính xác trong bệnhnhân thực sự với một phổ rộng của bệnh. Không phải là không phổ biến&amp;nbsp;xảy ra các atifactsbất ngờ hoặc kết quả không tiên liệu&amp;nbsp;được. Ví dụ, trong strain elastography,chúng tôi đã thông báo một artifact với tổn thương dạng nang xảy ra với mộtsố thiết bị sản xuất. Artifact này xảy ra không được dự đoán. Tuy nhiên, vớilâm sàng đánh giá và thử nghiệm bổ sung với phantom, các artifact được nhận mặtkhi xảy ra do cách giải thuật xử lý tín hiệu dữ liệu thô. Trong trường hợp đó,các artifact được xem như có khả năng có chẩn đoán lâm sàng đáng kể. Chúngtôi có thể chờ đợi các artifacts "bất ngờ" tương tự xuất hiện với tạohình sóng biến dạng. Nhiều loại ung thư, đặc biệt là invasive ductal carcinoma,rất khó khăn và vô tổ chức. Tình huống này rất khó kích hoạt để mô phỏngvới tissue-equivalent elasticity phantom [phantom có tính đàn hồi tương đương mô],do đó, phải được xác nhận trong môi trường lâm sàng.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Những dấu hiệunày có ý nghĩa gì từ quan điểm lâm sàng? Dựa vào bài viết của Bai và cs,sóng biến dạng đầy đủ cho phép đo&amp;nbsp;một số lớn các ung thư vú sẽ khôngxảy ra. Đến nay, chúng tôi không thấy vấn nạn này là một vấn đề ở các mô khácvới ung thư vú. Do đó chúng tôi phải sử dụng các phép đo gián tiếp để chẩn đoán phần lớn các bệnh ung thư (63,4% dựa trên công việc trình bày trong bàiviết của Bai và cs và cũng trong kinh nghiệm của chúng tôi). Các&amp;nbsp;đo đạc&amp;nbsp;lầnthứ hai có thể được thực hiện trong các ung thư cứng này ở vòng của mô xungquanh, nơi một Vs cao có thể xảy ra.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mã hóa khôngchính xác&lt;/strong&gt; của vận tốc sóng biến dạng &lt;strong&gt;thấp&lt;/strong&gt; trong vùng mô &lt;strong&gt;rất cứng&lt;/strong&gt; là một vấnđề lâm sàng đáng kể có khả năng dẫn đến kết quả âm tính giả (xếp loại ungthư như là u lành tính), làm hạn chế việcsử dụng đàn hồi sóng biến dạng ở vú nếu không lưu ý. Phát triển phươngpháp xử lý tín hiệu một cách thích hợp và đánh giá thêm hiện tượng này đểnhận dạng các &lt;strong&gt;sóng biến dạng không điển hình&lt;/strong&gt; trong các khối ung thư sẽ cókhả năng tránh được vấn đề này.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Hình 2.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Sóng biến dạngđiển hình trong mô mỡ vú ở một người phụ nữ 63 tuổi. Mỗi dạng sóng này đượclấy từ một khoảng cách khác nhau từ "xung đẩy" được liệt kê trong góctrên bên phải. Lưu ý rằng có nhiễu ồn tối thiểu trong các tín hiệu. Khi khoảngcách từ xung đẩy tăng, đường cong có biên độ ít hơn, và thời gian đạt đỉnh tăng.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Tuy nhiên, tháchthức này trong tạo hình sóng biến dạng với khối ung thư cứng là một lợithế trong strain imaging. Những yếu tố làm cho lan truyền sóng biến dạng cóvấn đề cho kết quả xuất sắc trong strain elasticity imaging với độ nhạy cao vớitổn thương ác tính. Trong các kết quả gần đây của chúng tôi, tất cả các trườnghợp các khối ung thư "mềm" và u cứng được phát hiện với vòngxung quanh trên tạo hình sóng biến dạng có&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;tỷ lệ hình&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;đàn hồi / hình B-mode&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;lớn hơn 1 với tạo hình đàn hồi quy ước,chỉ ra rằng có khả năng là tổn thương ác tính. Cũng nên lưu ý rằng trongtổn thương lành tính, bị căng vì nó là định tính, và độ cứng tương đối giữacác mô là nhỏ, làm cho phức tạp khi giải thích. Nếu không thể đo đạc chính xác kích thước của mộttổn thương trên hình B-mode và độ căng do ranh giới không rõ, độ đặc hiệucủa &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;tỷ lệ hình đàn hồi /hình B-modesẽ giảm. Cũng có thể dùng [strain ratio ] tỷ lệ căng&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;để xác định một tổn thương ghi nhận ở strainelastography là lành tính.Tuy nhiên, phương pháp này thiếu chuẩn hoá và là đogián tiếp. Ngược lại, tổn thương lành tính ở chỗ đàn hồi sóng biến dạngtrội hơn, nhờ sự đánh giá đáng tin cậy tốc độ sóng biến dạng trong cácmô mềm .&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Ý kiến của chúngtôi là &lt;strong&gt;strain imaging&lt;/strong&gt; và &lt;strong&gt;shear wave imaging&lt;/strong&gt; là bổ sung trong breast imaging,và việc sử dụng cả hai sẽ cung cấp kết quả chính xác hơn dùng riêng lẽ, vìnhững lý do thảo luận ở trên. &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Độ nhạyvà độ đặc hiệu&amp;nbsp;hơn 95% cho phân loại &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;tổn thương của vú sẽ đạt được nếu kết hợp 2 kỹthuật. Có khả năng sẽ phải chấp nhận rằng strain bị giới hạn trong đánh giáchi tiết của tổn thương lành tính bởi vì là định tính, và có khác biệt có giớihạn giữa các đặc điểm đàn hồi của tất cả các loại mô lành tính. Chúng tôicũng không thể có được sóng biến dạng &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;chínhxác từ nhiều loại ung thư vú và sẽ phải dựa vào dấu hiệu gián tiếp sóng biếndạng để chẩn đoán.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Hiện chúng tôihiểu rằng các yếu tố kỹ thuật, chẳng hạn như số precompression được sử dụng,có thể ảnh hưởng âm tính kết quả đo độ đàn hồi, nhưng có thể kiểm soát được vàsẽ dẫn đến phương pháp tiêu chuẩn để đánh giá hình ảnh đàn hồi. Khi&amp;nbsp;bắt đầu hiểuđầy đủ về những gì chúng tôi đo lường trong strain và shear wave imaging, chúngtôi&amp;nbsp; có thể sẽ thiết kế một nghiên cứu thích hợp để đánh giá tác động thực sựmà elastography có trên tạo hình vú .&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Hình 3.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;, Kết quả từ khốisờ được trong vú bên phải một người phụ nữ 57 tuổi. Nhũ ảnh và sonographicworkup khẳng định một tổn thương 4B (BI-RADS). Sinh thiết tổn thương chứng minhlà invasive ductal cancer biệt hoá kém. Ung thư là khối hypoechoic ở phầnsâu hơn của hình ảnh. Hai sóng thu được bằng cách sử dụng kỹ thuật ARFI. Mộtsâu hơn là vì ung thư invasive ductal hypoechoic. Một nông hơn bề ngoài trongkhu vực peritumoral. Ghi nhận rằng dạng sóng thu được từ các khối ung thư nhiễuồn toàn bộ và không đọc [interpretable] được. Dạng sóng trong các mô peritumoral lâncận có&amp;nbsp;nhiễu ồn hơn&amp;nbsp;trong&amp;nbsp;tín hiệu mô mỡ trong hình 2, nhưng dạngsóng vẫn có thể đọc được &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;và cung cấptốc độ sóng biến dạng. &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;, Hình sóng biến dạng &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;từ cùng một bệnh nhân. Trong hình này, hiểnthị màu đại diện cho tốc độ của sóng biến dạng (Vs) được phủ lên hình B-mode.Lưu ý rằng khối u với chỉ nhiễu ồn trong tín hiệu sóng biến dạng được mãhoá màu màu xanh, đại diện cho một Vs thấp. Biểu hiện màu cho ấn tượnglà khối u "mềm" và có thể bị nhầm lẫn với một tổn thương lành tính.Trong trường hợp này, mô peritumoral có mã hoá màu đỏ (Vs cao) trong khu vực thu được&amp;nbsp; tín hiệu sóng biến dạng đầy đủ. Tuy nhiên, không phải tất cảcác trường hợp u ung thư "màu xanh" nào cũng có vòng peritumoralđỏ, mà vẫn có thể dẫn đến một sự giải thích âm tính giả.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;____________________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the February 2012 issue of the Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Bai et al presented their results on the evaluation of solid breast masses with quantitative acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging. In their study, they found that 63.4% of breast cancers had a result of “X.XX m/s,” indicating that a measurement result could not be obtained. Quantitative ARFI imaging (Virtual Touch tissue quantification; Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) uses algorithms that include a test of the confidence interval of the shear velocity estimation. The algorithm rejects the data if the confidence interval is low (p&amp;lt;0.8) due to several quality factors, including shear wave amplitude and noise. If the data are rejected, the system gives a speed of the shear wave (Vs) as X.XX m/s. We have seen similar results in our investigations. There are several reasons why an X.XX m/s result can occur, including improper data collection (tissue movement and probe movement), the shear wave speed exceeding the maximum measurable range of 8.4 m/s (limit of the ARFI technique in this case), or a poor-quality shear wave. With breast imaging, motion is easier to eliminate than in abdominal imaging, in which respiratory motion and/or vascular motion is a greater problem. In our experience, motion is easily controlled in breast elastography, and it has not been a problem. In these cases, multiple repeated measurements in the same lesion return an X.XX-m/s result. Although possible, it is unlikely that all of these breast cancers have a shear wave speed exceeding 8.4 m/s. We are able to capture the raw data signal in our research system from clinical cases and process the shear wave data off line. Figure 1 illustrates the principle of quantitative ARFI imaging. A indicates the excitation pulse; B is the region of interest where shear waves are detected; C is a representation of the shear wave displacement profiles at distance intervals away from the excitation pulse; and D indicates the linear regression analysis used to estimate the shear wave velocity. In Figure 2, the typical shear wave pattern from a fatty area in a patient’s breast is presented. Each individual curve taken at different distances from the push pulse has minimal noise. The time to peak for each curve is used to calculate the shear wave speed. Figure 3A is a similar display from an invasive ductal cancer. Note that the shear wave amplitude is low and noisy from within the cancer, but a smooth shear wave response is seen in the surrounding normal tissue. Further evaluation is required to understand the cause of this result and will not be addressed here. In this case, a shear wave speed from within the cancer can not be accurately measured. The ARFI algorithms reject these data as poor, therefore giving a result of X.XX m/s.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The authors make an appropriate assumption that in noncystic lesions, this “artifact,” or X.XX-m/s result, is seen in hard cancers. Using this assumption, their results are very encouraging. Simple cysts can also return a Vs result of X.XX m/s because shear waves do not propagate in non-viscous fluid. However, this finding raises other questions with shear wave imaging. It is our experience, as with others, that when a color map is used to display an overlay of the Vs or kPa (tissue modulus) of the results, several cancers are not coded properly because the algorithm does not account for a poor-quality shear wave. These hard cancers often have a surrounding rim of high shear wave values, which is used for diagnosis. If the authors would have also taken ARFI measurements in the area of the “ring,” they would likely have obtained a high Vs result. The outer ring is often evaluable because a noisy but still interpretable shear wave is present (Figure 3, A and B).  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1JMwXpjged8/T0_7SeccC-I/AAAAAAAAFHw/GyhdYdvD3yE/s1600/F1_medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="492" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1JMwXpjged8/T0_7SeccC-I/AAAAAAAAFHw/GyhdYdvD3yE/s640/F1_medium.gif" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 1. &lt;em&gt;Principles of quantitative acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging. A indicates the excitation pulse; B is the region of interest where shear waves are detected; C is a representation of the shear wave displacement profiles at distance intervals away from the excitation pulse; and D indicates the linear regression analysis used to estimate the shear wave velocity.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, we have also encountered several cancers with shear wave imaging that are coded with a low Vs, suggestive of a benign lesion without a surrounding high-Vs ring. This result may be due to the algorithms’ interpreting the low shear wave amplitude and/or noise as a slow Vs. One must remember that validation in a clinical setting is required with new technologies to confirm that the algorithms are accurate in real patients with a wide spectrum of disease. It is not uncommon for unexpected artifacts or unanticipated results to occur. For example, in strain elastography, we have reported on an artifact with cystic lesions occurring with certain equipment manufacturers. This artifact was not predicted to occur. However, with clinical evaluation and additional phantom testing, the artifact was recognized to occur because of the way the algorithm processed the raw data signal. In that case, the artifact has considerable clinical diagnostic ability. We can expect similar “unexpected” artifacts to occur with shear wave imaging. Many cancers, especially invasive ductal cancers, are very hard and disorganized. This scenario is difficult to simulate with tissue-equivalent elasticity phantoms, so must be validated in the clinical environment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What do these findings mean from a clinical perspective? On the basis of the article by Bai et al, an adequate shear wave for measurement in a large number of breast cancers will not occur. To date, we have not found this issue to be a problem in tissues other than breast cancers. We must therefore use indirect measurements to diagnose a large portion of cancers (63.4% based on the work presented in the article by Bai et al1 and also in our experience). These secondary measurements can be made in these hard cancers in the ring of surrounding tissue, where a high Vs may occur. Incorrect coding of low shear velocity in a region of very hard tissue is a substantial clinical problem potentially leading to false-negative results (classifying a cancer as benign), which will limit the use of shear wave elastography in the breast if not addressed. Further evaluation of this phenomenon and development of a signal-processing method that appropriately identifies atypical shear waves in these cancers would potentially avoid this problem.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-G74owZKsQb4/T0_7ahfxixI/AAAAAAAAFH8/q8bLtbXxLjk/s1600/F2_medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="558" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-G74owZKsQb4/T0_7ahfxixI/AAAAAAAAFH8/q8bLtbXxLjk/s640/F2_medium.gif" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Figure 2. &lt;em&gt;Typical shear waveforms in breast fat taken from a 63-year-old woman. Each waveform is taken from a different distance from the “pulse push” listed in the top right corner. Note that there is minimal noise in the signals. As the distance from the push pulse increases, the curve has less amplitude, and the time to peak increases&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, this challenge in shear wave imaging with hard cancers is an advantage in strain imaging. The factors that make shear wave propagation problematic produce excellent results in strain elasticity imaging with high sensitivity to malignant lesions. In our recent results, all of the cases of “soft” cancers and hard cancers detected with the surrounding ring on shear wave imaging had an &lt;strong&gt;elasticity imaging/B-mode ratio&lt;/strong&gt; of greater than 1 with conventional elasticity imaging, indicating that they were likely malignant lesions. One should also note that in benign lesions, strain suffers because it is qualitative, and the relative stiffness between tissues is small, complicating interpretation. If one cannot get accurate size measurements of a lesion on B-mode imaging and strain due to low boundary conspicuity, the specificity using the elasticity imaging/B-mode ratio is decreased. One can also use the strain ratio to determine that a lesion noted on strain elastography is benign. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, this method suffers from a lack of standardization and is an indirect measurement. Conversely, benign lesions are where shear wave elastography excels, due to the reliability of shear wave velocity estimation in softer tissues. It is our opinion that strain imaging and shear wave imaging are complementary in breast imaging, and the use of both will provide more accurate results than each individually, for the reasons discussed above. It is this commentator’s view that sensitivity and specificity of greater than 95% for characterization of breast lesions will be achievable using a combined technique. It is likely that we will have to accept that strain is limited in detailed evaluation of benign lesions because it is qualitative, and there is a limited difference between the elasticity properties of all benign tissue types. We will also not be able to obtain accurate shear waves from many breast cancers and will have to rely on indirect shear wave signs for diagnosis. We now understand the technical factors such as the amount of precompression used, which can negatively affect elastographic results but can be controlled and will lead to a standardized method for evaluating elasticity images. As we begin to fully understand what we are measuring in strain and shear wave imaging, we will be able to design an appropriate study to measure the true impact that elastography will have on breast imaging.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iNuaO1AjQkI/T0_7iIwAtDI/AAAAAAAAFII/sIFa6wrzMo8/s1600/graphic-3_medium.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="554" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iNuaO1AjQkI/T0_7iIwAtDI/AAAAAAAAFII/sIFa6wrzMo8/s640/graphic-3_medium.gif" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Figure 3. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;, Results from a 57-year-old woman with a palpable mass in her right breast. Mammographic and sonographic workup confirms a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category (BI-RADS) 4B lesion. The lesion is a biopsy-proven poorly differentiated invasive ductal cancer. The cancer is the hypoechoic mass in the deeper portion of the image. Two waveforms were obtained using the acoustic radiation force impulse technique. The one taken deeper is from the hypoechoic invasive ductal cancer. The more superficial one is taken in the peritumoral area. Note that the waveform obtained from the cancer is all noise and not interpretable. The waveform in the adjacent peritumoral tissue has more noise than in the fat signals in Figure 2, but the waveform is still able to be interpreted and provide a shear wave speed. &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;, Shear wave image from the same patient. In this image, a color display representing the speed of the shear wave (Vs) is overlaid on the B-mode image. Note that the tumor with just noise in the shear wave signal is color-coded blue, representing a low Vs. This appearance gives the impression that the tumor is “soft” and can be mistaken for a benign lesion. In this case, the peritumoral tissues are coded red (high Vs) in the area where an adequate shear wave signal is obtained. However, not all cases of “blue” cancers have the peritumoral red ring, which can still result in a false-negative interpretation.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© 2012 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-8388040876654214394?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/8388040876654214394/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=8388040876654214394' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/8388040876654214394'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/8388040876654214394'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post.html' title='SW Imaging of the Breast : Still on the Learning Curve'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1JMwXpjged8/T0_7SeccC-I/AAAAAAAAFHw/GyhdYdvD3yE/s72-c/F1_medium.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-2432192107854454907</id><published>2012-02-29T07:19:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-03-01T03:48:36.581-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Elastography was not a useful tool in recommending fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules</title><content type='html'>2 bài sau đề cập khả năng của RTE (real-time elastography) như các máy ALOKA, HITACHI, TOSHIBA, SIEMENS Antares... khảo sát nhân giáp, có hạn chế trong tiên đoán lành ác trước sinh thiết. Lúc khám phải ấn đầu dò bằng tay để đo độ cứng nhân giáp, do đó kỹ thuật khám free-hand này lệ thuộc vào người khám.Bài sau, có bình luận và nói đến shear wave elastography [siêu âm đàn hồi sóng biến dạng], là kỹ thuật mới hơn ớ máy Supersonic Imagine, còn gọi là kỹ thuật SSI (supersonic shear imaging) hay ở máy SIEMENS ACUSON S2000, còn gọi là kỹ thuật tạo hình xung lực bức xạ âm [acoustic radiation force impulse,ARFI, imaging). Sóng biến dạng tạo ra từ đầu dò và làm dời chỗ mô để đo độ cứng tổn thương. Người khám không phải đè ấn nên kỹ thuật không lệ thuộc người khám và có tính lập lại cao. Dòng máy này được xếp loại là dynamic elastography, đo biến dạng ngang; trong khi loại trên như trong 2 bài báo thuộc về static elastography, đo biến dạng dọc. &lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HOLwWNChzDE/T05A6AVg4_I/AAAAAAAAFG4/EPbOz0J7bsw/s1600/thyroid+Radiology+3-2012.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="360" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HOLwWNChzDE/T05A6AVg4_I/AAAAAAAAFG4/EPbOz0J7bsw/s640/thyroid+Radiology+3-2012.png" uda="true" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose&lt;/strong&gt;: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of gray-scale ultrasonography (US) and elastography in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: This was an institutional review board–approved retrospective study with waiver of informed consent. A total of 703 solid thyroid nodules in 676 patients (mean age, 49.7 years; range, 18–79 years) were included; there were 556 women (mean age, 49.5 years; range, 20–74 years) and 120 men (mean age, 50.7 years; range, 18–79 years). Nodules with marked hypoechogenicity, poorly defined margins, microcalcifications, and a taller-than-wide shape were classified as suspicious at grayscale US. Findings at elastography were classified according to the Rago criteria and the Asteria criteria. The diagnostic performances of gray-scale US and elastography were compared. For comparison between the diagnostic performances of gray-scale US and the combination of gray-scale US and elastography, three sets of criteria were assigned: criteria set 1, nodules with any suspicious grayscale US feature were assessed as suspicious; criteria set 2, Rago criteria were added as suspicious features to criteria set 1; and criteria set 3, Asteria criteria were added as suspicious features to criteria set 1. The diagnostic performances of gray-scale US, elastography with Rago criteria, and elastography with Asteria criteria, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals for predicting thyroid malignancy were compared using generalized estimating equation analysis. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: Of 703 nodules, 217 were malignant and 486 were benign. Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and OR of gray-scale US for the 703 nodules were 91.7%, 94.7%, and 22.1, respectively, and these values were higher than the 15.7% and 65.4% sensitivity, 71.7% and 79.1% NPV, and 3.7 and 2.6 ORs found for elastography with Rago and Asteria criteria, respectively. Specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy for criteria set 1 were significantly higher than those for criteria sets 2 and 3 for most of the nodule subgroups that were considered. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: Elastography alone, as well as the combination of elastography and gray-scale US, showed inferior performance in the differentiation of malignant and benign thyroid nodules compared with gray-scale US features; elastography was not a useful tool in recommending fine-needle aspiration biopsy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© RSNA, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ccsRavHg_Bo/T05I578Aw5I/AAAAAAAAFHA/ELXr9wrCgGI/s1600/thyroid.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ccsRavHg_Bo/T05I578Aw5I/AAAAAAAAFHA/ELXr9wrCgGI/s640/thyroid.png" uda="true" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;SUMMARY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BACKGROUND &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules is performed, approximately one fourth fall into the indeterminate classification. Some authorities recommend surgical removal of all indeterminate nodules, lthough only about 10% to 30% are malignant. Real-time elastography (RTE) has been proposed to improve the diagnosis of thyroid cancer before surgery. Thyroid cancers have a harder consistency than benign thyroid nodules; RTE is a technique that uses ultrasonography to provide an estimation of tissue stiffness by measuring the degree of elasticity under the application of external light force. The goal of the current study was determine the efficacy of RTE, as compared with conventional ultrasonography (US), for differentiating malignant from benign thyroid lesions in patients being operated on for nodules with indeterminate cytology.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;METHODS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study included 102 patients (69 women) with indeterminate cytology who had conventional US and RTE. Elasticity was scored from 1 (elastic) to 4 (stiff). The median nodule diameter was 2.2 cm (range, 0.7 to 10). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RESULTS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All patients underwent surgery; 36 had a pathologic diagnosis of cancer (32 follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer, 2 classic papillary, and 2 follicular carcinoma). The remaining 66 nodules were benign, with a final pathology of follicular adenoma in 64 and hyperplastic nodule in 2. The only ultrasound feature that was significantly associated with the diagnosis of cancer was microcalcification, and this was found in 56%. Thyroid cancer was detected in 50% of the nodules that scored 1 to 2 on RTE (good elasticity) and in 34% that scored 3 to 4 (stiff). Of the 36 patients with malignant nodules, 32 had RTE scores of 3 to 4. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the sensitivity was 89%, the positive predictive value was only 34% and the negative predictive value was 50%. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSIONS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The current study did not confirm the utility of RTE for the differential diagnosis of malignancy or benignity in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ANALYSIS&amp;nbsp;and COMMENTARY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Investigators from Pisa, Italy, had previously reported that RTE was useful for making a diagnosis of malignancy in indeterminate nodules with a positive predictive value of 77% and a negative predictive value of 99% (1). The cause of the lack of confirmation of this result in the current study is unclear. The person performing RTE in this study was very experienced. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nevertheless, there is a considerable element of subsoftware has been developed for quantitative analysis of stiffness. One technique, called “shear wave elastography,” may be more useful because it eliminates the operator-dependence of the procedure (2, reviewed in the January 2011 issue of Clinical Thyroidology). It is likely that the true utility of shear wave elastography for discrimination between benign and malignant nodules in the indeterminate category will require additional studies for validation. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;— Jerome M. Hershman, MD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;REFERENCES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Rago T, Scutari M, Santini F, Loiacono V, Piaggi P, Di Coscio G, Basolo F, Berti P, Pinchera A, Vitti P. Real-time elastosonography: useful tool for refining the presurgical diagnosis in thyroid nodules with indeterminate or nondiagnostic cytology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:5274– 5280, Epub September, 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.&amp;nbsp; Sebag F, Vaillant-Lombard J, Berbis J, Griset V, Henry JF, Petit P, Oliver C. Shear wave elastography: a new ultrasound imaging mode for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:5281–8. Epub September 29, 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-2432192107854454907?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/2432192107854454907/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=2432192107854454907' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/2432192107854454907'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/2432192107854454907'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/elastography-was-not-useful-tool-in.html' title='Elastography was not a useful tool in recommending fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HOLwWNChzDE/T05A6AVg4_I/AAAAAAAAFG4/EPbOz0J7bsw/s72-c/thyroid+Radiology+3-2012.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-4633179185614408494</id><published>2012-02-28T06:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-29T04:57:36.314-08:00</updated><title type='text'>VÀI NHẬN XÉT VỀ TÌNH HÌNH KHẢO SÁT ARFI TỔN THƯƠNG U ĐẶC Ở GAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;VÀI NHẬN XÉT VỀ TÌNH HÌNH KHẢO SÁT ARFI TỔN THƯƠNG U ĐẶC Ở GAN&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BS NGUYỄN THIỆN HÙNG, Trung tâm Y khoa MEDIC Hoà Hảo, Tp HCM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. SỐ BÀI CÔNG BỐ CÒN ÍT&lt;/strong&gt;=&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- 5 bài trên u gan&amp;nbsp;các loại &amp;nbsp;chưa can thiệp&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- 1 bài về HCC sau đốt RF&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Số ca từng loại u còn ít, HCC=25 ca, u mạch máu =35 ca, còn lại dưới 15 ca.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Ý KIẾN CÒN PHÂN TÁN&lt;/strong&gt;=&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Chỉ 1 bài có giá trị ngưỡng phân biệt lành với ác tính với tốc độ ARFI=2m/s. 1 bài phân biệt u mạch máu với di căn gan=2,5m/s&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Hầu hết giá trị tốc độ ARFI của các u đặc ở gan có hiện tượng chồng lắp, không thể giúp phân biệt loại u và tính lành ác của u. Heide cho biết giá trị so sánh độ đàn hồi giữa u lành và u ác ở gan có kết quả thống kê yếu (p=0,28). Giá trị ARFI cao nhất ở HCC và thấp nhất ở vùng gan chưa thấm mỡ. Trong 81 trường hợp, giá trị ARFI đều cao ở u lành và u ác tính nên không cho phép phân biệt bằng giá trị độ đàn hồi ARFI (3). Trong khi đó, với 128 u gan (60 lành, 68 ác tính), giá trị VTQ trung bình của u gan ác tính là 3,14 m/s (average value 3,16 ± 0,80 m/s, range 1,17‒4,5 m/s), và lành tính là 1,35 m/s (average value 1,47 ± 0,53 m/s,&amp;nbsp;range 0,74‒3,26 m/s), (P&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; 0,001). Với giá trị ngưỡng 2,22 m/s, độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu và độ chính xác lần lượt là 89, 7%, 95,0%, và 92,2% (6).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Về VTI= ít có mô tả. Có ý kiến cho là u ác tính và lành tính có darker color (cứng hơn)&amp;nbsp;so với nền gan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rW-M8oP3XVU/T04Z6DtTR6I/AAAAAAAAFGw/YjgjIQ476Z0/s1600/bang+ke+ARFI+gan.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="278" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rW-M8oP3XVU/T04Z6DtTR6I/AAAAAAAAFGw/YjgjIQ476Z0/s640/bang+ke+ARFI+gan.png" uda="true" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tài liệu tham khảo:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;1/ Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography in Distinguishing Hepatic Haemangiomata from Metastases: Preliminary Observations, G Davies and M Koenen, The British Journal of Radiology, 84 (2011), 939–943.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;2/ Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography for the evaluation of focal solid hepatic lesions: preliminary findings, Cho SH, Lee JY, Han JK, Choi BI. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2010 Feb;36(2):202-8. Epub 2009 Dec 16.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;3/ Characterization of focal liver lesions (FLL) with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastometry, Heide R, Strobel D, Bernatik T, Goertz RS., Ultraschall Med. 2010 Aug;31(4):405-9. Epub 2010 Jul 22.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;4/Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography for hepatocellular carcinoma-associated radiofrequency ablation, Hee-Jin Kwon, Myong-Jin Kang, Jin-Han Cho, Jong-Young Oh, Kyung-Jin Nam, Sang-Yeong Han, Sung Wook Lee, World J Gastroenterol 2011 April 14; 17(14): 1874-1878.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;5/ Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasound imaging of solid focal liver lesions, A. Gallotti , M. D’Onofrio , L. Romanini , V. Cantisani , R. Pozzi Mucelli , European Journal of Radiology, Volume 81, Issue 3 , Pages 451-455, March 2012.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;6/ &lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Usefulness of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Liver Lesions,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #336699; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Tian Shuang-Ming&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #336699; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Zhou Ping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #336699; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Qian Ying&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #336699; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Chen Li-Rong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #336699; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Zhang Ping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, Academic Radiology&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #336699; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Volume 18, Issue 7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt; , Pages 810-815, July 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-4633179185614408494?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/4633179185614408494/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=4633179185614408494' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/4633179185614408494'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/4633179185614408494'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/vai-nhan-xet-ve-tinh-hinh-khao-sat-arfi.html' title='VÀI NHẬN XÉT VỀ TÌNH HÌNH KHẢO SÁT ARFI TỔN THƯƠNG U ĐẶC Ở GAN'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rW-M8oP3XVU/T04Z6DtTR6I/AAAAAAAAFGw/YjgjIQ476Z0/s72-c/bang+ke+ARFI+gan.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-4608174549822894321</id><published>2012-02-27T07:17:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-27T07:36:34.478-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasound imaging of solid focal liver lesions</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasound imaging of solid focal liver lesions&lt;/strong&gt;, A. Gallotti , M. D’Onofrio , L. Romanini , V. Cantisani , R. Pozzi Mucelli , European Journal of Radiology, Volume 81, Issue 3 , Pages 451-455, March 2012.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Received 8 July 2010; received in revised form 17 December 2010; accepted 28 December 2010. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aim of this paper was to evaluate the application of ARFI ultrasound imaging and its potential value for characterizing focal solid liver lesions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this multicentric prospective study, over a total non-consecutive period of four months, all patients underwent ARFI US examination. Two independent operators performed 5 measurements per each lesion and 2 measurements in the surrounding liver. According to the definitive diagnosis, a mean velocity value and standard deviations were obtained in each type of focal solid lesion, compared by using t-test, and the inter-operator evaluation was performed by using the Student's t-test. A comparison between the total mean values of each type of lesion and the mean value of the parenchyma was performed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;40 lesions were evaluated and a total of 400 measurements were obtained. The lesions were: 6/40 (15%) hepatocellular carcinomas, 7/40 (17.5%) hemangiomas, 5/40 (12.5%) adenomas, 9/40 (22.5%) metastases and 13/40 (32.5%) focal nodular hyperplasias. The total mean values obtained were: 2.17 m/s in HCCs, 2.30 m/s in hemangiomas, 1.25 m/s in adenomas, 2.87 m/s in metastases and 2.75 m/s in FNHs. The inter-operator evaluation resulted non-statistically different (p&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt; 0.05). A significant difference (p &amp;lt; 0.05) was always found by comparing adenomas to the other lesions. 160 measurements were obtained in the surrounding parenchyma, with a no significant difference between values measured in adenomas and in the sounding liver.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kbgKIiny8Uk/T0uht6OAUWI/AAAAAAAAFF4/hs_eUIhITVQ/s1600/HCC.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" lda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kbgKIiny8Uk/T0uht6OAUWI/AAAAAAAAFF4/hs_eUIhITVQ/s1600/HCC.bmp" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ARFI of HCC&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BJgYAZFka_g/T0uiIqLYUyI/AAAAAAAAFGA/oaCZ-yPIr1o/s1600/hemangioma.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" lda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BJgYAZFka_g/T0uiIqLYUyI/AAAAAAAAFGA/oaCZ-yPIr1o/s1600/hemangioma.bmp" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ARFI of hemangioma&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-18tAZAOTcxg/T0uiWFYjXWI/AAAAAAAAFGI/Q_BM-eLtMAA/s1600/metastasis.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-18tAZAOTcxg/T0uiWFYjXWI/AAAAAAAAFGI/Q_BM-eLtMAA/s1600/metastasis.bmp" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ARFI of metastasis &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_nKzvrHMzeY/T0uihUfGP0I/AAAAAAAAFGQ/ocQxdGQglSA/s1600/FNH.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_nKzvrHMzeY/T0uihUfGP0I/AAAAAAAAFGQ/ocQxdGQglSA/s1600/FNH.bmp" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ARFI of FNH &lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OsZn2ycw15U/T0uixr-xuQI/AAAAAAAAFGY/tPjOx1aUcdc/s1600/FFL+0.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="185" lda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OsZn2ycw15U/T0uixr-xuQI/AAAAAAAAFGY/tPjOx1aUcdc/s320/FFL+0.bmp" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;ARFI technology with Virtual Touch tissue quantification could non-invasively provide significant complementary information regarding the tissue stiffness, useful for the differential diagnosis of focal solid liver lesions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-4608174549822894321?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/4608174549822894321/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=4608174549822894321' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/4608174549822894321'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/4608174549822894321'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/acoustic-radiation-force-impulse-arfi.html' title='Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasound imaging of solid focal liver lesions'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kbgKIiny8Uk/T0uht6OAUWI/AAAAAAAAFF4/hs_eUIhITVQ/s72-c/HCC.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-7099157876029112783</id><published>2012-02-24T23:53:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-25T07:15:26.995-08:00</updated><title type='text'>ĐO ĐỘ CỨNG LÁCH ARFI ĐÁNH GIÁ XƠ HÓA GAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;Tóm tắt&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;Cao áp TM Cửa và lách to phổ biến ở bệnh nhân bệnh gan mạn tính. Tuy nhiên, có giới hạn nghiên cứu trước đây &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; trên tương quan giữa độ cứng lách và định giai đoạn xơ hoá gan. Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích đánh giá giá trị chẩn đoán của việc đo độ cứng lách (SSM), bằng công nghệ xung lực bức xạ âm (ARFI), nhằm đánh giá xơ hoá gan. &lt;br /&gt;Bệnh nhân viêm gan mạn B hoặc C đủ điều kiện (n = 163) được đo cùng lúc độ cứng gan (liver stiffness measurement, LSM), độ cứng lách SSM và sinh thiết gan qua da. Đường cong đặc trưng ước tính hiệu suất chẩn đoán của SSM, với nhiều mô hình hồi quy đa tuyến tính cho LSM và SSM xác định ý nghĩa của các yếu tố được giải thích. &lt;br /&gt;Kết quả chỉ ra mối tương quan có ý nghĩa giữa LSM và SSM (R^2 = 0,574, P &amp;lt; 0,0001). Sử dụng SSM để phân loại xơ hoá METAVIR (METAVIR F). Dùng SSM để phân loại tính điểm xơ hoá METAVIR, các khu vực dưới đường cong là 0,839 (95% CI: 0,780–0,898) cho METAVIR F1 đối với F2–4, 0,936 (95% CI: 0,898–0,975) cho F1–2 đ/v F3–4 và 0,932 (95% CI: 0,893–0,971) cho F1–3 đ/v F4, tất cả với P &amp;lt; 0,001. Nhiều mô hình hồi quy đa tuyến tính xác định BMI, độ cứng lách, METAVIR F3 và F4, men alanine aminotransferase, tỉ lệ prothrombin INR, sodium và tiểu cầu đếm là các yếu tố quan trọng độc lập có ‎ý nghĩa cho độ cứng gan (R^2 hiệu chỉnh = 0,724, P &amp;lt; 0,001). Giới tính nam, độ cứng gan, METAVIR F2, F3 và F4 cũng giải thích độ cứng lách có&amp;nbsp;ý nghĩa và độc lập ( R^2 hiệu chỉnh = 0,647, P &amp;lt; 0,001). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ARFI độ cứng lách SSM có khả năng là một dự báo đơn độc có ích hoặc phụ trợ cho định giai đoạn xơ hoá gan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rXZoCwSyJUw/T0iPv5HDzCI/AAAAAAAAFEo/yOvrtc_dVzQ/s1600/LACH+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rXZoCwSyJUw/T0iPv5HDzCI/AAAAAAAAFEo/yOvrtc_dVzQ/s640/LACH+1.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z5MTVtV6Ydk/T0iQEHjDjWI/AAAAAAAAFEw/p3yFv-ND-XM/s1600/LACH+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="227" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z5MTVtV6Ydk/T0iQEHjDjWI/AAAAAAAAFEw/p3yFv-ND-XM/s640/LACH+2.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UjYfJ4sMydY/T0iQ6H2gJCI/AAAAAAAAFE4/gjGEke7HpqQ/s1600/LACH+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="292" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UjYfJ4sMydY/T0iQ6H2gJCI/AAAAAAAAFE4/gjGEke7HpqQ/s640/LACH+3.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-7099157876029112783?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/7099157876029112783/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=7099157876029112783' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/7099157876029112783'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/7099157876029112783'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/o-o-cung-lach-arfi-anh-gia-xo-hoa-gan.html' title='ĐO ĐỘ CỨNG LÁCH ARFI ĐÁNH GIÁ XƠ HÓA GAN'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rXZoCwSyJUw/T0iPv5HDzCI/AAAAAAAAFEo/yOvrtc_dVzQ/s72-c/LACH+1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-541057910747969555</id><published>2012-02-24T21:11:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-24T21:11:20.785-08:00</updated><title type='text'>NONTRAUMATIC SHOCKS: THORACIC ULTRASOUND</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gqmtRtVZvsQ/T0hqY1armiI/AAAAAAAAFDI/wlsJLMYHEUc/s1600/tua.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="324" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gqmtRtVZvsQ/T0hqY1armiI/AAAAAAAAFDI/wlsJLMYHEUc/s640/tua.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TtWVBVyvHcs/T0hqwVF0-0I/AAAAAAAAFDQ/24cLxeo03so/s1600/tomtat.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="118" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TtWVBVyvHcs/T0hqwVF0-0I/AAAAAAAAFDQ/24cLxeo03so/s640/tomtat.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YjDh4juVTF4/T0hq5L-bVGI/AAAAAAAAFDY/lDM_1BvogRM/s1600/dry+and+wet+lung.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="141" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YjDh4juVTF4/T0hq5L-bVGI/AAAAAAAAFDY/lDM_1BvogRM/s320/dry+and+wet+lung.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-A8EWDfoXg2o/T0hrKpJQLoI/AAAAAAAAFDo/MtIXBuYG-uw/s1600/multiple+B+line.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="135" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-A8EWDfoXg2o/T0hrKpJQLoI/AAAAAAAAFDo/MtIXBuYG-uw/s320/multiple+B+line.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4iYPjaUB0Lo/T0hrBAXO2JI/AAAAAAAAFDg/J2AieSw_ByM/s1600/pneumonia.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="135" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4iYPjaUB0Lo/T0hrBAXO2JI/AAAAAAAAFDg/J2AieSw_ByM/s320/pneumonia.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IoeM2z-R9ss/T0hra2-qpkI/AAAAAAAAFD4/SehkyFryqgc/s1600/cardiac+arrests.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IoeM2z-R9ss/T0hra2-qpkI/AAAAAAAAFD4/SehkyFryqgc/s320/cardiac+arrests.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I1aagfZntGU/T0hrWmvHL_I/AAAAAAAAFDw/cJysVo4h3Wg/s1600/cardiogenic+shock.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="199" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I1aagfZntGU/T0hrWmvHL_I/AAAAAAAAFDw/cJysVo4h3Wg/s320/cardiogenic+shock.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-D4jS6lc4f0k/T0hsE-aq38I/AAAAAAAAFEI/wUyEsC-yxZ8/s1600/us+findings+in+cardiogenic+shock.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="251" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-D4jS6lc4f0k/T0hsE-aq38I/AAAAAAAAFEI/wUyEsC-yxZ8/s400/us+findings+in+cardiogenic+shock.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="294" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ECPvsOBFOqs/T0hrwdJ_BRI/AAAAAAAAFEA/sF7R1gWxsgs/s640/dyspnea+causes.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CZXVSxLA_vg/T0hsZC_dnUI/AAAAAAAAFEQ/6aWY6rDxCNo/s1600/acute+severe+dyspnea.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="260" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CZXVSxLA_vg/T0hsZC_dnUI/AAAAAAAAFEQ/6aWY6rDxCNo/s400/acute+severe+dyspnea.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oSVXTkWtz-I/T0hsylg2nQI/AAAAAAAAFEg/byFEdwWLlbc/s1600/kluan.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="250" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oSVXTkWtz-I/T0hsylg2nQI/AAAAAAAAFEg/byFEdwWLlbc/s400/kluan.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-541057910747969555?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/541057910747969555/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=541057910747969555' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/541057910747969555'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/541057910747969555'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/nontraumatic-shocks-thoracic-ultrasound.html' title='NONTRAUMATIC SHOCKS: THORACIC ULTRASOUND'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gqmtRtVZvsQ/T0hqY1armiI/AAAAAAAAFDI/wlsJLMYHEUc/s72-c/tua.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-4623275631175718685</id><published>2012-02-24T08:29:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-24T09:04:40.676-08:00</updated><title type='text'>MicroPure</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;MicroPure is a unique technology that can assist you in confirming micro calcifications, a potential marker for malignancy in breast tumors. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5l0RQATnv_8/T0e_Lf3LC6I/AAAAAAAAFC4/4n67H7jsKpk/s1600/Mpure2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="210" lda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5l0RQATnv_8/T0e_Lf3LC6I/AAAAAAAAFC4/4n67H7jsKpk/s320/Mpure2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2iyGD7fvxis/T0fC7qD5YrI/AAAAAAAAFDA/Hco-ZKXsOrs/s1600/Mpure.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="228" lda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2iyGD7fvxis/T0fC7qD5YrI/AAAAAAAAFDA/Hco-ZKXsOrs/s320/Mpure.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Toshiba America Medical Systems (Tustin, Calif.) introduced&amp;nbsp;a &amp;nbsp;new advances for ultrasound imaging of the breast: MicroPure, an algorithm that aids in the &lt;strong&gt;detection of microcalcifications&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;nbsp; which enhances imaging of superficial structures and helps identify lesions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“&lt;strong&gt;MicroPure&lt;/strong&gt; is an adapted filter we put onto the image to burn out bright echoes so we can better visualize calcifications,” Erin Owen, Toshiba senior manager for clinical marketing in ultrasound, explains. “Ultrasound has never been really good at looking at microcalcifications. MicroPure puts a color on it to bring out the brighter echoes.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7OCxDMcGigw/T0e6ZVHJQRI/AAAAAAAAFCg/pPovBBwK84w/s1600/200910-Article-03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7OCxDMcGigw/T0e6ZVHJQRI/AAAAAAAAFCg/pPovBBwK84w/s400/200910-Article-03.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MicroPure is available on Aplio 400 and Aplio 500.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KdG3ckLNs0Q/T0e9ggQ5YvI/AAAAAAAAFCo/ett8q_meCWs/s1600/micropure.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="161" lda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KdG3ckLNs0Q/T0e9ggQ5YvI/AAAAAAAAFCo/ett8q_meCWs/s400/micropure.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RUpri2gI2sU/T0e9rbaleLI/AAAAAAAAFCw/LTIwSZFpw8w/s1600/micropure+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="223" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RUpri2gI2sU/T0e9rbaleLI/AAAAAAAAFCw/LTIwSZFpw8w/s400/micropure+2.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Owen says the technique aids in the biopsy of microcalcifications, which can be a time-consuming and laborious process. “Calcifications are often cancerous, but there’s no way to tell without a stereotactic biopsy,” she notes. “The procedure can take up to two hours, and it’s not very pleasant. With MicroPure, we can do an ultrasound-guided biopsy and be done in 15 to 20 minutes.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cey Weiss, MD, medical director of the Comprehensive Breast Care Center at Mercy Hospital, Chicago, Ill., has been using MicroPure for close to a year. He notes, “We like to use ultrasound for calcifications because it’s so much easier to go after them on an ultrasound than to have the patient lie on her stomach for two hours. When we have a case that we think is a good candidate for biopsy, we’ll use ultrasound.”&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-4623275631175718685?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/4623275631175718685/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=4623275631175718685' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/4623275631175718685'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/4623275631175718685'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/micropure.html' title='MicroPure'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5l0RQATnv_8/T0e_Lf3LC6I/AAAAAAAAFC4/4n67H7jsKpk/s72-c/Mpure2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-3674203206055933116</id><published>2012-02-24T08:16:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-24T08:16:19.681-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Ultrasound Elastography and MicroPure Imaging in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;The Utility of Ultrasound Elastography and MicroPure Imaging in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;nbsp; Nazan çiledag, Kemal Arda, Bilgin Kadri Arıbas, Elif Aktas and Serdal Kenan Köse, AJR: 198, March 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of ultrasound elastography and MicroPure imaging in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SUBJECTS AND METHODS. A total of 74 consecutive patients (65 women and nine men; age range, 21–80 years; mean [± SD] age, 51 ± 12.7 years) with thyroid nodules, who were referred for fine-needle aspiration biopsy by endocrinology or general surgery clinics, were prospectively examined using B-mode ultrasound, ultrasound elastography, and MicroPure imaging. The strain value ratio (strain index) of thyroid nodules was calculated. Patients with malignant or intermediate fine-needle aspiration biopsy results underwent thyroid surgery. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RESULTS. Using MicroPure imaging, 17 of 65 benign thyroid nodules (26.6%) and three of nine malignant thyroid nodules (33.3%) were found to contain microcalcifications. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and the accuracy rate of MicroPure imaging were 42.9%, 80.6%, 93.1%, 18.8%, and 77%, respectively. By using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the best cutoff point (2.31) was computed (area under the curve, 0.87; p &amp;lt; 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy rate of the strain index values were 85.7%, 82.1%, 98.2%, 33.3%, and 82.4%, respectively, when the best cutoff point of 2.31 was used (p = 0.001). The p value (x = malign) was 0.96 for a strain index value higher than 2.31. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSION. This preliminary study indicated that ultrasound elastography and MicroPure imaging can be used for the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thyroid nodules are a common finding in the general population, especially in geographic areas of iodine deficiency. Over 95% of thyroid nodules are benign and less than 5% are malignant [1]. Ultrasound is a noninvasive and easily available imaging technique for the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Many studies have reported the utility of ultrasound for the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules [1–5]. The presence of calcification, hypoechogenicity, irregular margins, absence of a halo, and predominant solid composition in the sonographic image are the key features associated with an increased risk of malignancy. However, the sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values for these features are highly variable across patients and across different machines, and no single sonographic feature can diagnose thyroid cancer with high sensitivity and high positive predictive value [1–5]. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid lesion is the preoperative screening method of choice worldwide, because it distinguishes benign and malignant lesions with high accuracy [6–8]. Because of its simplicity, low cost, and absence of major complications, it is the initial investigative technique in the management of thyroid diseases [6–8]. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Real-time sonographic elastography is a newly developed dynamic imaging technique that displays tissue elasticity by measuring the degree of distortion under the application of an external force. Like palpation, sonographic elastography uses tissue deformation or strain that is caused by external compression and is based on the precompression and compression. Ultrasonographic elastography has been used to examine such organs as the breast [9, 10], thyroid [11], prostate [12], cervix [13], and liver [14]. This technique is a promising imaging technique that can be used for the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. However, to our knowledge, only a limited number of studies have described the application of real-time sonographic elastography on benign and malignant thyroid nodules [15]. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The MicroPure imaging algorithm (Toshiba) is an adapted filter that is used to enhance bright echoes to visualize and show calcifications, particularly microcalcifications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of ultrasound elastography and MicroPure imaging in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Subjects and Methods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This prospective study was approved by the Ankara Oncology Research and Education Hospital review board. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients undergoing both real-time ultrasound elastography and MicroPure imaging. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From February 2010 to April 2010, 74 consecutive patients (65 women and nine men; age range, 21–80 years; mean [± SD] age, 51 ± 12.7 years) with incompletely diagnosed thyroid nodules referred for fine-needle aspiration biopsy by endocrinology or general surgery clinics were examined prospectively. Patients with nodules larger than 40 mm, purely cystic or anechoic nodules without solid components, and shell-calcified nodules that could cause color-coding problems were excluded from the study. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All patients were examined by using gray-scale ultrasound, MicroPure imaging, and real-time sonographic elastography with a 10-MHz linear transducer (Aplio, Toshiba) during the same examination by the same operator. In sonographic elastography, the deflections occurring before and after tissue compression were calculated semiquantitatively via the shear modulus (Young modulus) and were displayed graphically in the elastogram. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The gray-scale sonography and elastography in all patients was performed by the same radiologist to prevent differences among operators and to standardize the degree of nodule pressure. All interpretations were performed before biopsy by the same operator, and the radiologist was blinded to the final diagnosis of the patients. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The sonographic examinations were performed in two steps. Gray-scale sonography and MicroPure imaging were performed for all patients in the first step, and real-time sonographic elastography was performed in the second step using the same probe during the same examination. B-mode ultrasound was performed first, then in the second step MicroPure imaging was performed, and the third step was real-time sonographic elastography. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For real-time sonographic elastography, compression was performed repeatedly in a vertical direction with light pressure and was followed by decompression. The strain value ratio (strain index) of thyroid nodule to muscle was calculated. Acquiring measurements at the same depth of the nodule and adjacent muscle was a critical issue for strain ratio calculations. Color coding of elastographic images was classified into five groups according to the Ueno classification [9]. A score of 1 indicated strain for the entire lesion (i.e., the entire lesion was evenly shaded in green) (Fig. 1); a score of 2 indicated strain in most of the lesion with some areas of no strain (i.e., a mosaic pattern of green and blue) (Fig. 2); a score of 3 indicated strain at the periphery of the lesion, with sparing of the center of the lesion (i.e., the peripheral part of the lesion was green, and the central part was blue) (Fig. 3); a score of 4 indicated no strain in the entire lesion (i.e., the entire lesion was blue, but its surrounding area was not included) (Fig. 4); and a score of 5 indicated no strain in the entire lesion or in the surrounding area (i.e., both the entire lesion and its surrounding area were blue) (Fig. 5). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BkWW8b8q7OI/T0e0sn_bD0I/AAAAAAAAFBg/euyEA-1hB5U/s1600/Slide4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BkWW8b8q7OI/T0e0sn_bD0I/AAAAAAAAFBg/euyEA-1hB5U/s400/Slide4.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig. 1: 56-year-old woman. Elastogram of benign thyroid nodule revealed elastographic color score of 1. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All of the patients underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance within 5 days of the real-time sonographic elastographic evaluation. A 21-gauge needle was used with an attached 20-mL syringe for fine-needle aspiration biopsies. The procedure was repeated one or two times. The collected material was placed onto glass slides, smeared, and equally fixed in air and 95% ethyl alcohol. Air-dried slides were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain; alcohol-fixed slides were stained using Papanicolaou method and H and E stain. The cytologic diagnoses of the thyroid nodules were compared with real-time sonographic elastography and the MicroPure imaging features. Nine patients with malignant nodules and eight patients with benign nodules in whom the diagnosis was achieved by cytologic examination underwent surgery, and the pathologic diagnoses were confirmed. Cytologically, 57 benign nodules were monitored by ultrasound for 12 months, and repeated biopsies were performed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the statistical analysis, quantitative variables were compared using Student t test for independent samples test, and qualitative variables were compared using the chi-square test. To determine the best of cutoff point for strain index, the receiver operating characteristic analysis was used. The quantitative data are presented as mean (± SD). A p value less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance with a 95% confidence level. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS packet program (version 11.5, SPSS). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seventy-four patients (age range, 21–80 years; mean age, 51 ± 12.7 years), including 65 women (age range, 21–80 years; mean age, 49.9 ± 12.3 years) and nine men (age range, 37–78 years; mean age, 58.2 ± 13.2 years), were enrolled in the study (Table 1). The maximum diameters of the evaluated thyroid nodules were 7–36 mm (mean, 17.2 ± 7.2 mm) (Table 1). Table 1 and Table 2 show the features of the patients and the benign and malignant nodules, respectively. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At ultrasound examination, 74 nodules were identified. Among 74 nodules, 56 nodules (75.7%) were solid, and 18 nodules (24.3%) were heterogeneous with cystic degeneration. Thirty-two nodules (43.2%) were hypoechoic, eight nodules (10.8%) were isoechoic, six nodules (8.1%) were hyperechoic, and 10 nodules (13.5%) were hypoechoic. Regular margins were observed in 60 nodules (81.08%), and irregular margins were seen in 14 nodules (18.9%). Calcifications were found in 17 of 65 benign nodules (26.6%) and in three of nine (33.3%) malignant nodules (Table 2). There was no statistically significant difference (p &amp;gt; 0.05). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-euGpv0e_hs8/T0e0yMtbTJI/AAAAAAAAFBo/lm2_Z-FFUUY/s1600/Slide5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" lda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-euGpv0e_hs8/T0e0yMtbTJI/AAAAAAAAFBo/lm2_Z-FFUUY/s400/Slide5.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig. 2: 32-year-old man. Elastogram of benign thyroid nodule showed elastographic color score of 2. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ekyUj4ZOZ3A/T0e03ftzhXI/AAAAAAAAFBw/WB8o49c02FM/s1600/Slide6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ekyUj4ZOZ3A/T0e03ftzhXI/AAAAAAAAFBw/WB8o49c02FM/s400/Slide6.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig. 3 : 48-year-old man. Elastogram of benign thyroid nodule showed elastographic color score of 3. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig. 4 : 56-year-old woman. Elastogram of thyroid nodule revealed elastographic color score of 4. Final diagnosis was papillary carcinoma. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig. 5 : &lt;br /&gt;65-year-old woman. Elastogram of thyroid nodule with elastographic color score of 5. Final diagnosis was papillary carcinoma. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZsOkKitvsJg/T0e0_bUDMWI/AAAAAAAAFB4/YCFIqCl9WmE/s1600/Slide7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" lda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZsOkKitvsJg/T0e0_bUDMWI/AAAAAAAAFB4/YCFIqCl9WmE/s400/Slide7.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig. 6: 58-year-old woman. MicroPure (Toshiba) image of thyroid nodule showing microcalcifications. After fine-needle aspiration biopsy, diagnosis in this case was papillary carcinoma. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2P858TdGqzQ/T0e1LoR2_GI/AAAAAAAAFCI/nkOmrygGePE/s1600/Slide8.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" lda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2P858TdGqzQ/T0e1LoR2_GI/AAAAAAAAFCI/nkOmrygGePE/s400/Slide8.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig. 7: 45-year-old woman. Elastogram showed thyroid nodule in right isthmic portion with elasticity index of 5.44, with color score of 4. After fine-needle aspiration biopsy, final diagnosis was papillary carcinoma. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using MicroPure imaging, 17 of 65 (26.6%) benign thyroid nodules and three of nine (33.3%) malignant thyroid nodules revealed microcalcifications (Fig. 6). The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy rate of MicroPure imaging was 42.9%, 80.6%, 93.1%, 18.8%, and 77%, respectively. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Wa9BjhdFQbw/T0e1WmiUBUI/AAAAAAAAFCQ/nxRLWee-Zcg/s1600/Slide9.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" lda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Wa9BjhdFQbw/T0e1WmiUBUI/AAAAAAAAFCQ/nxRLWee-Zcg/s640/Slide9.JPG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TABLE 1: Demographic Features of Patients Included in This Study&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TABLE 2 : Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Nodules&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Color coding of elastographic images was classified into five groups according to the Ueno classification [9]; of the 65 benign nodules, 41 nodules (63%) had a score of 1 or 2 (15 nodules had a score of 1, and 26 nodules had a score of 2). Of the nine malignant nodules, eight (88.8%) had a score of 4 or 5 (four nodules had a score of 4, and four nodules had a score of 5). Of the 65 benign nodules, 21 (32.3%) nodules had a score of 3. Only one of the malignant lesions (11.1%) had a color score of 3, and none of the malignant nodules had a color score of 1 or 2. Of the 65 benign nodules, two (3.0%) had a color score of 4 and one (1.5%) had a color score of 5. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy rate of strain index values were 85.7%, 82.1%, 98.2%, 33.3%, and 82.4%, respectively, when the best cutoff point of 2.31 was used (area under the curve, 0.87; p &amp;lt; 0.001) (Figs. 7 and 8). The p value (x = malign) was 0.96 for strain index values higher than 2.31. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_K-vQkkI-uY/T0e1f6T3ogI/AAAAAAAAFCY/rFXgsWdfX8E/s1600/Slide10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" lda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_K-vQkkI-uY/T0e1f6T3ogI/AAAAAAAAFCY/rFXgsWdfX8E/s400/Slide10.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig. 8: Results of receiver operating characteristic analysis for strain index. Diagonal segments are produced by ties. With cutoff value of 2.31, area under the curve is 0.87 ± 0.05, asymptotic 95% CI is 0.774– 0.970, and asymptotic significance level is 0.001. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Palpation, which is one of the oldest clinical skills, provides information about the stiffness of soft tissues using external compression for physical deformation of the tissue. However, palpation is a subjective examination technique. Elasticity measurements and stiffness evaluations of soft tissues are useful in the differential diagnosis of tumor, inflammation, and normal tissue. It is generally accepted that benign soft-tissue lesions are firmer than normal tissue but softer than cancers [16–19]. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Until now, the stiffness of thyroid nodules has not been an objective indicator of malignancy, although it is an important factor in the differential diagnosis of malignant nodules [16]. Although fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the best method for this purpose, it suffers the limitations of being invasive, and sampling errors are inevitable [19]. A recently developed promising imaging technique called real-time sonographic elastography reveals the physical properties of soft tissue by characterizing the difference in elasticity between the region of interest and the surrounding normal soft tissue using manual compression and deformation of the tissue. Essentially, sonographic elastography is based on the combined visualization of tissue elasticity (strain) and the velocity at which the tissue deformation occurs [20]. The degree of deformation of the soft tissue is calculated and combined with a gray-scale ultrasound image as an elastography map for the evaluation of tissue stiffness after ultrasound examination. Therefore, no extra time is needed to perform sonographic elastography. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some of the major advantages of realtime sonographic elastography are its ease of performance, its noninvasiveness, and its suitability of use during routine ultrasound examinations. In addition, this imaging technique facilitates the dynamic visualization of lesions during compression. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lyshchik et al. [11] prospectively evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of sonographic elastography for differentiating benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid gland. They reported that thyroid lesions, such as cysts and benign and malignant nodules, exhibit different elastographic characteristics. Cysts appear as dark lesions on elastograms, whereas solid nodular lesions are stiffer than thyroid gland tissue, and malignant lesions are significantly stiffer than benign thyroid nodules. Lyshchik et al. [11] have suggested that a strain index value greater than four is the strongest independent predictor of thyroid gland malignancy (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and exhibits 96% specificity and 82% sensitivity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kagoya et al. [19] set a strain ratio or strain index value greater than 1.5 as a predictor of thyroid malignancy. This criterion exhibits 90% sensitivity and 50% specificity. In our study, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of the strain index values were 85.7%, 82.1%, and 82.4%, respectively, when the best cutoff point of 2.31 was used. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dighe et al. [21] studied the differential diagnoses of thyroid nodules with ultrasound elastography using carotid artery pulsation as a compression source combined with limited external compression. They found no correlation between blood pressure and the final diagnoses. In another study, Dighe et al. [22] reported that the utility of sonographic elastography performed using carotid artery pulsation as a compression source to measure the systolic thyroid stiffness index has the potential to substantially reduce the number of fine-needle aspiration biopsies by detecting benign nodules. Although carotid artery pulsation has been used in those studies as the compression source for thyroid elastography, it has also been reported that arterial pulsations may generate compressiondecompression movements that may create interfering elastographic images with unnecessary thyroid movement and it is difficult to restrict thyroid movement [15]. Hence, in the present study, carotid artery pulsation was not used as a compression source. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Microcalcifications are also characteristic findings of malignant nodules [15]. Mixed calcifications are defined by the presence of microand macrocalcifications, and some recent studies have reported that the presence of mixed calcifications suggests an increased potential for malignancy [15]. In addition, calcification is a highly concordant finding in the evaluation by radiologists [15]. The MicroPure imaging algorithm (Toshiba) is a recently developed imaging technique that aids in the detection of the calcifications by enhancing the superficial structures. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kurita et al. [23] evaluated the usefulness of MicroPure imaging in measuring the microcalcifications in breast lesions. They reported that MicroPure imaging improved the visualization of microcalcifications and suggested that this imaging algorithm is a clinically useful easy imaging technique in the diagnoses of microcalcifications. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sankaye et al. [24] examined 25 women through breast sonography, and 11 breast malignancies were diagnosed. Four (16%) (three malignant and one benign) calcifications were visualized through ultrasound. All calcifications were detectable using both B-mode and MicroPure imaging. The authors suggested that all four calcifications appeared more subjectively conspicuous using MicroPure imaging than in the B-mode imaging. In our study, 17 (26.6%) of 65 benign thyroid nodules and three (33.3%) of nine malignant thyroid nodules showed microcalcifications by MicroPure imaging. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodule is widely accepted as the most accurate, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective diagnostic procedure in the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules, with low rates of false-positive (2.3%), false-negative (0.2%), and inadequate results [6, 7]. The accuracy of the fine-needle aspiration biopsy analysis approaches 95% in the differentiation of the benign nodules from the malignant nodules of the thyroid gland [6–8]. The use of ultrasound guidance improves the diagnostic yield [8]. Organizations such as the American Thyroid Association and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists suggest that the original cytologic diagnosis can be accepted until the nodule grows or changes in appearance [8]. Instead of routine repeated fine-needle aspiration biopsy, several researchers recommended the use of both repeated fine-needle aspiration biopsy and clinical follow-up together [8]. Because fine-needle aspiration biopsy is used as the reference standard in the present study, limitations of fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodule also become limitations of this study. In this study, to eliminate false-positive results, nine patients with cytologic malignancies underwent surgery, and their pathologic diagnoses were confirmed. Also, eight cytologically benign nodules were surgically removed and their pathologic diagnoses were confirmed. To reduce the false-negative results, 57 cytologic benign nodules were monitored clinically and by ultrasound for 12 months, and repeat biopsies were performed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are some limitations to this study. First, nodules larger than 40 mm are difficult to evaluate accurately because of the difficulties in measuring thyroid nodule elasticity. Practically, a large size can be a limitation in the nodule-to-gland or nodule-to-muscle strain index described in literature [19]. However, in our study, no single nodule was larger than 40 mm. Pure cystic anechoic nodules without solid components and shell-calcified nodules may cause some measurement problems as well, because of posterior shadow or posterior enhancement artifacts of ultrasound imaging. However, we avoided pure cystic, anechoic, and shell-calcified nodules. During sonographic elastography of the thyroid, it is important to maintain a light pressure on the probe because strong pressure may lead to a misdiagnosis [15]. In addition, carotid pulsation is another restriction in the strain index that may have a negative effect on our study; however, the radiologists were experienced in this specific area. MicroPure imaging is a novel and useful method for the detection of especially suspicious microcalcifications, but more experience is needed to evaluate the utility of MicroPure imaging in the diagnoses of microcalcifications. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In conclusion, elastography is a promising imaging technique that can assist in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign thyroid nodules. The combination of real-time sonographic elastography, MicroPure imaging techniques, and B-mode sonography may be helpful for the improvement of the differential diagnosis of thyroid malignancies. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Received February 26, 2011. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Revision received July 20, 2011. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© American Roentgen Ray Society&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-3674203206055933116?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/3674203206055933116/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=3674203206055933116' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/3674203206055933116'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/3674203206055933116'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/ultrasound-elastography-and-micropure.html' title='Ultrasound Elastography and MicroPure Imaging in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BkWW8b8q7OI/T0e0sn_bD0I/AAAAAAAAFBg/euyEA-1hB5U/s72-c/Slide4.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-637636745457645398</id><published>2012-02-21T08:33:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-23T06:18:45.578-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Papillary Carcinoma từ mô giáp lạc chỗ trong tủy sống</title><content type='html'>Xin giới thiệu một tạp chí nội tiết mới của Asean. Đó là tạp chí &lt;i&gt;JAFES&lt;/i&gt; (Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies). Website là &lt;a href="http://asean-endocrinejournal.org/"&gt;http://asean-endocrinejournal.org/&lt;/a&gt;. Tạp chí này mới được thành lập và tuyên bố từ hôm &lt;a href="http://www.afes2011.org/"&gt;Hội nghị AFES 16 ở TP Hồ Chí Minh&lt;/a&gt; tháng 11-2011 vừa qua. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bài về mô tuyến giáp lạc chỗ ung thư hoá&amp;nbsp;sau được trích từ tạp chí nội tiết học trên: JAFES, Vol 26 n0 2, November, 2011.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Tpj3gLai6YU/T0PCGYui9lI/AAAAAAAAE_4/Oazr30Kh1Tc/s1600/ectopic+thyroid+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Tpj3gLai6YU/T0PCGYui9lI/AAAAAAAAE_4/Oazr30Kh1Tc/s640/ectopic+thyroid+1.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thyroid tissue in an ectopic location is rare, occurring in 1 out of 100,000 to 300,000 persons; and is usually found in the lateral neck. Ectopic thyroid tissue developing axially is even more rare, with up to 90% of cases being lingual thyroid tissue arising embryologically from a median anlage from the pharyngeal floor. Very rarely, ectopic thyroid tissue may give rise to a carcinoma. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Carcinogenesis of ectopic thyroid tissue located in midline structures such as lingual thyroid and thyroglossal duct cysts, have a reported incidence of approximately 1%, and usually occurs during the third decade of life. Almost all cases are diagnosed post-surgically on histopathologic examination. Management of these cases is individualized. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Presentation &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A 12-year old girl developed progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness and sensory deficit, difficulty in ambulation, and bowel and bladder incontinence in 2004. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She had no known exposure to ionizing radiation. Maternal and early pediatric histories were unremarkable. She had no family history of malignancy and thyroid disease. Physical examination revealed a lean build; with vital signs, height and weight appropriate for age. The thyroid gland was not enlarged. Chest and abdominal examination were unremarkable. She had full and equal pulses without peripheral edema. Neuromuscular examination revealed decreased manual muscle strength on the lower extremities, hypoesthesia from T4 dermatomal level and hyperreflexia on both lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thoracolumbar spine revealed a well-defined enhancing nodule in the spinal cord at the level of T3-T4. The nodule measured 1.16 cm x 1.26 cm x 1.58 cm, with intermediate signal intensity in both T1- and T2-weighted studies, with associated edema above and below the lesion from level T2 down to T8-T9 (Figure 1). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vqFKdGe_w3E/T0PGJSOE4RI/AAAAAAAAFAo/ZnDGlOI2OvA/s1600/Picture1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="295" lda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vqFKdGe_w3E/T0PGJSOE4RI/AAAAAAAAFAo/ZnDGlOI2OvA/s320/Picture1.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She underwent a T3-T4 laminectomy with tumor excision 3 months after initial consult (January 2005). Histopathologic exam revealed a 3.0 cm x 1.5 cm x 0.8 cm mass, microscopically composed of bland cuboidal cells with uniform ovoid nuclei and adequate amphophilic cytoplasm arranged in pseudorosettes, with some cells exhibiting pale-staining to grayish cytoplasm and rare mitotic figures (Figure 2). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WpBalVMrTCw/T0PFWiUmEkI/AAAAAAAAFAg/SyM89UDbAU0/s1600/Picture+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="276" lda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WpBalVMrTCw/T0PFWiUmEkI/AAAAAAAAFAg/SyM89UDbAU0/s320/Picture+2.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin and neuron-specific enolase were positive. Ependymoma was considered in the histopathologic report of the excised mass. Two months postoperatively, the patient had gradual improvement of lower extremity weakness and was able to ambulate by herself. She was then lost to follow up.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, in March 2009, the patient developed gradual progressive weakness of both lower extremities, leading to paralysis. A repeat MRI of the thoracic spine showed an avidly enhancing intramedullary nodule at T3-T4 level, appearing bilobed with irregular margins, measuring 1.13 cm x 1.65 cm x 1.63 cm. The nodule was slightly hyperintense in T1-weighted study (Figure 3) and hypointense on T2-weighted imaging, with some extension to the neural canal at the level of T3-T4. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WvLHZyVp1go/T0PE7DfcaYI/AAAAAAAAFAY/bpkHJ9IBpJo/s1600/Picture+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WvLHZyVp1go/T0PE7DfcaYI/AAAAAAAAFAY/bpkHJ9IBpJo/s320/Picture+3.png" width="302" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;A second laminectomy with tumor excision was done in May 2009. Histopathologic examination of the excised 2 cm x 1.5 cm x 0.5 cm mass revealed colloid material within the lumen of follicles or ducts (Figure 4) with papillary architecture and nuclear features consistent with papillary carcinoma. These findings were not seen in the histopathologic examination of the first surgical specimen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lawd4qqFaY4/T0PEOjL5vSI/AAAAAAAAFAQ/nG8YwOYRDzQ/s1600/Picture+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="317" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lawd4qqFaY4/T0PEOjL5vSI/AAAAAAAAFAQ/nG8YwOYRDzQ/s320/Picture+4.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Microscopic sections from the second surgical specimen stained positively for thyroglobulin, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) (Figures 5 to 7). The pathologic diagnosis of papillary carcinoma, suggestive of a thyroid primary, supersedes the previous histopathologic diagnosis.&lt;strong&gt; Thyroid ultrasound was normal&lt;/strong&gt;. Thyroid function testing was also normal: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was 1.03 µIU/mL (normal value 0.35 to 4.94), total thyroxine was 9 µg/dL (normal value 4.9 to 11.7), and total triiodothyronine was 1.24 ng/mL (normal value 0.58 to 1.59). Metastatic workup including CT scans of the neck, chest and abdomen did not reveal any metastatic foci. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FDDe5GbEOhQ/T0PDq_h5M8I/AAAAAAAAFAI/xJZimTipsK4/s1600/ectopic+thyroid+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" lda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FDDe5GbEOhQ/T0PDq_h5M8I/AAAAAAAAFAI/xJZimTipsK4/s320/ectopic+thyroid+4.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with spinal cord metastasis was the foremost consideration. A total thyroidectomy was performed in July 2009, to confirm occult primary thyroid cancer and to facilitate ablation of residual thyroid tissue for subsequent surveillance for recurrence using radioactive iodine. Histopathologic examination of the thyroid gland revealed nodular hyperplasia after thorough sampling of the entire specimen. Two months after total thyroidectomy, whole body scan using 2 mCi Iodine-131 revealed functioning thyroid remnants in the anterior neck without undue tracer deposition seen elsewhere. Her postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin level was less than 2 ng/mL. She was placed on daily levothyroxine suppressive doses with regular monitoring of thyroid function tests and thyroglobulin level. Radioactive iodine ablation was not indicated since there was no evidence of remaining iodine-avid lesions in the spinal cord. She was placed on physical therapy and rehabilitation program after spinal surgery and thyroidectomy. The patient, now 19 years of age, remains paraplegic, with no evidence of active malignancy both clinically and on imaging studies, two years since her last surgery. Thyrotropin levels are adequately suppressed and serial results of thyroglobulin levels are undetectable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thyroid tissue that is located elsewhere from its expected location anterior to the second to fourth tracheal cartilages is ectopic. Embryologically, the thyroid gland develops from a median anlage and a pair of lateral anlages. The embryologic pharyngeal floor gives rise to the median anlage, whereas the fourth and fifth branchial pouches give rise to the lateral anlage. Its descent follows the heart and great vessels and moves caudally from its origin to its location in the neck in front of the trachea. Aberrant caudal descent of the median anlage during development may give rise to an intrathoracic location of ectopic thyroid tissue. There have been reports of ectopic thyroid tissue occurring in the right ventricle of the heart, aberrant right carotid thyroid tissue, carotid bifurcation, lingual ectopic thyroid, intrathoracic ectopic thyroid, substernal goiter, intralaryngotracheal thyroid and spinal cord. Carcinomas arising from ectopic thyroid tissue are uncommon. They have been reported to arise from thyroid tissue in thyroglossal duct cysts, lateral aberrant thyroid tissue, lingual thyroid and mediastinal and struma ovarii. Most tumors in the ectopic locations have been papillary carcinomas, mixed follicular and papillary carcinomas or Hürthle cell tumors. However, a carcinoma arising from spinal ectopic thyroid tissue has never been reported in literature. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Differentiating between a metastatic thyroid carcinoma and malignant transformation of an ectopic thyroid tissue is difficult and can only be done after surgery, as in this case. There are no clinical, biochemical, or imaging parameters that may assist in determining the nature of the lesion; and histological examination is always required for definitive diagnosis. True ectopic thyroid tissue has an arterial supply independent of the cervical arteries that supply the thyroid; the cervical thyroid gland is normal or absent with no history of surgery; the cervical thyroid gland does not have a similar pathologic process as the ectopic tumor, and there is no history or evidence of thyroid malignancy. Although a metastatic papillary thyroid cancer was initially considered, the migration of papillary carcinoma from a primary thyroid to distant sites bypassing cervical lymph nodes is unusual. Also, a review of the post-thyroidectomy histopathology did not reveal malignancy in the thyroid, leading us to conclude that the tumor excised from the patient’s spinal cord was ectopic thyroid tissue that transformed into papillary carcinoma. The postoperative whole body scan that was negative for iodine avid lesions outside the thyroid bed may reflect either complete resection of tumor in the spinal cord or poor iodine avidity. She did not receive high dose radioiodine ablation, and was given a suppressive levothyroxine dose at 100 mcg daily to prevent recurrence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Metastasis from a primary thyroid carcinoma must first be ruled out before considering malignant transformation of an ectopic thyroid tissue, which is a rare occurrence. There are no clinical, biochemical, or imaging parameters that may assist in determining the nature of these lesions, and histological exam is required for definitive diagnosis. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Post-surgical management includes thyrotropin suppression to prevent recurrence. Radioiodine ablation was not thought to be necessary in this case, as there was no evidence of remaining iodine-avid lesions in the spinal cord. &lt;br /&gt;__________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ECTOPIC THYROID in MEDIC CENTER, HCMC, Vietnam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CASE 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ectopic Lingual Thyroid&lt;/strong&gt;, Le van Tai, Nguyen Thien Hung, Medic Medical Center, HCMC, Vietnam &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-g2bJ6X_Rbtg/T0ZGs48uOgI/AAAAAAAAFAw/kJKuXrO2p1g/s1600/lingual_1b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" lda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-g2bJ6X_Rbtg/T0ZGs48uOgI/AAAAAAAAFAw/kJKuXrO2p1g/s1600/lingual_1b.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IwLeMl_dnag/T0ZGwCLGHlI/AAAAAAAAFA4/RchEOSuH3CY/s1600/lingual_1c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IwLeMl_dnag/T0ZGwCLGHlI/AAAAAAAAFA4/RchEOSuH3CY/s1600/lingual_1c.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GPfQmzhEb9Y/T0ZGy8Qrq9I/AAAAAAAAFBA/bYQqkWChxR4/s1600/lingual_1a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" lda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GPfQmzhEb9Y/T0ZGy8Qrq9I/AAAAAAAAFBA/bYQqkWChxR4/s320/lingual_1a.jpg" width="298" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We report the case of a 36 year-old female patient who presents with symptoms of dysphonia (hot potato speech) due to abnormal mass at the base of the tongue. Ultrasound detects &lt;em&gt;no thyroid gland at the normal site&lt;/em&gt;. At the base of the tongue, there is an hypoechoic mass without hypervascularity on color Doppler, which is suspected for ectopic thyroid tissue. Then Tc99m sodium pertechnetate scanning shows thyroid tissue at the base of tongue and there is no thyroid tissue in the normal location.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CASE 2:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2 Focal Ectopic Thyroid&lt;/strong&gt;, Jasmine Thanh Xuan, Ng Thien Hung, Phan Thanh Son, Medic Medical Center &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A 50 yo female patient was detected randomly with a small nodule at the base of her tongue per ENT endoscopy. This nodule does not appear on neck ultrasound but an another mass was found at hyoid region by ultrasound: solid, echo poor, well vascularization, and &lt;em&gt;no thyroid gland detected at the normal site&lt;/em&gt;. At last, on MDCT 64, the 2 ectopic thyroid focals were revealed, one at the base of the tongue and the other, at thyrohyoid membrane. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XsjgrWtWVMM/T0ZHfuY7llI/AAAAAAAAFBI/SuU0hKcezJA/s1600/ectopic+thyroid+2c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XsjgrWtWVMM/T0ZHfuY7llI/AAAAAAAAFBI/SuU0hKcezJA/s1600/ectopic+thyroid+2c.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xB35ihNco0k/T0ZHlBnZGHI/AAAAAAAAFBQ/1F8SIx5PbSs/s1600/ectopic+thyroid+2b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" lda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xB35ihNco0k/T0ZHlBnZGHI/AAAAAAAAFBQ/1F8SIx5PbSs/s320/ectopic+thyroid+2b.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QrvIp6dOat8/T0ZHqp2KySI/AAAAAAAAFBY/vmeWh9AgrWU/s1600/ectopic+thyroid+2a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" lda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QrvIp6dOat8/T0ZHqp2KySI/AAAAAAAAFBY/vmeWh9AgrWU/s320/ectopic+thyroid+2a.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-637636745457645398?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/637636745457645398/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=637636745457645398' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/637636745457645398'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/637636745457645398'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/papillary-carcinoma-tu-mo-giap-lac-cho.html' title='Papillary Carcinoma từ mô giáp lạc chỗ trong tủy sống'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Tpj3gLai6YU/T0PCGYui9lI/AAAAAAAAE_4/Oazr30Kh1Tc/s72-c/ectopic+thyroid+1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-3971206074891048015</id><published>2012-02-17T07:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-21T01:59:57.039-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SIÊU ÂM ĐIỀU TRỊ RUN / nucleus ventralis intermedius of thalamus</title><content type='html'>Nhân bụng trung gian của đồi thị=nhận nhiều phần các bó chiếu để phân biệt từ bán cầu tiểu não đối bên (qua cuống tiểu não trên) và cầu nhạt cùng bên; hầu như toàn bộ các nhân chiếu của vỏ não vận động.&lt;br /&gt;Nhân bụng trung gian của đồi thị là mục tiêu của thủ thuật xác định trong không gian chuyên biệt để điều trị chứng run, ngoài cách dùng thuốc, như deep brain stimulation, conventional thalamotomy, và gamma knife thalamotomy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MRI hướng dẫn siêu âm tập trung điều trị (dùng cho u não trước đây) chứng run là cách điều trị mới hơn hẵn gamma knife thalamotomy vì an toàn hơn (không tia xạ).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Siêu âm được tập trung vào nhân bụng trung gian của đồi thị. Để xác định mục tiêu đích, bệnh nhân phải vẽ những vòng xoắn. Bệnh nhân nam đầu tiên 74 tuổi bị run tay P 10 năm, không thể viết được tên mình. Khi bác&amp;nbsp;sĩ chạm đúng target, tay bệnh nhân giảm run, và những vòng xoắn&amp;nbsp; được vẽ đẹp hơn. Lúc bấy giờ cường độ được tăng lên với hàng ngàn chùm siêu âm hội tụ lại để đốt huỷ mô bệnh là những tế bào gây run, gọi là tạo tổn thương. Tổn thương của bệnh nhân này chỉ có 4mm đường kính.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Máy sử dụng có tên ExAblate Neuro của InSightec Ltd, cung cấp năng lượng siêu âm tập trung để huỷ mô đích, và quá trình huỷ bằng nhiệt này được theo dõi bằng MRI.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Còn trong phòng hồi sức,&amp;nbsp;bệnh nhân đã có thể cầm ly nước bằng tay P mà không đổ vãi. Sau 1 tháng tay bệnh nhân không bị tái phát run.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;----------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;nucleus ventralis intermedius of thalamus&lt;/em&gt;= the composite middle third of the ventral nucleus receiving in its various parts distinctive projections from the contralateral half of the cerebellum (by way of the superior cerebellar peduncle) and the ipsilateral globus pallidus; nearly all parts of the nucleus project to the motor cortex. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1cIfnIEh1d8/Tz5sgwpb9UI/AAAAAAAAE_I/Sml-N84skmM/s1600/V+i+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="364" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1cIfnIEh1d8/Tz5sgwpb9UI/AAAAAAAAE_I/Sml-N84skmM/s640/V+i+1.png" width="640" yda="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;Nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami, the relay of cerebellar afferences, is the target of stereotactians &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;particularly for the improvement of tremor. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rgiwTXADxmM/Tz5s5sbBudI/AAAAAAAAE_Y/QY6QrVQVMBA/s1600/V+i+1+b.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rgiwTXADxmM/Tz5s5sbBudI/AAAAAAAAE_Y/QY6QrVQVMBA/s640/V+i+1+b.png" width="640" yda="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Focused Deep Brain Ultrasonography Promising for Essential Tremor (ET)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;Megan Brooks, March 30, 2011 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;Magnetic resonance (MR)–guided focused ultrasonography has been successfully used to relieve a 74-year-old man's debilitating essential tremor (ET) affecting his dominant right hand.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uncontrollable shaking left the patient unable to use his right hand for more than a decade. After MR-guided focused ultrasonography, "the tremor was gone," W. Jeffrey Elias, MD, a neurosurgeon at the University of Virginia (UVA) in Charlottesville, noted in an interview with Medscape Medical News. "In the recovery room, he used his right hand to drink from a cup without spilling," Dr. Elias added in a UVA-issued statement. The patient has now been followed up for 1 month and he "continues to do well," Dr. Elias said. His tremor has not returned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ultrasonography is focused on the &lt;em&gt;ventralis intermedius nucleus&lt;/em&gt; of the thalamus. "This is a standard trimmer target; whether we use radiofrequency thalamotomy or thalamic deep brain stimulation, we target a similar place," Dr. Elias explained.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To find their target, the team had the patient draw spirals during the procedure. At first, his hand shook violently, but as the researchers honed in on their target, the shaking subsided and his spirals became smooth. At that point, they increased the sound waves to heat and destroy the tissue, a process called "lesioning," Dr. Elias said. This particular patient's lesion was 4 mm in diameter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This therapy is delivered with the ExAblate Neuro system from InSightec Ltd. The device delivers focused ultrasound energy to the targeted site, and the thermal destruction is monitored in real time with MR imaging (MRI).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Currently available treatments for ET outside drug therapy include deep brain stimulation, conventional thalamotomy, and gamma knife thalamotomy. &lt;br /&gt;An "advantage of this new procedure [previously used to treat brain tumors] compared to gamma knife is that there is no radiation involved and thus it seems to be a safer procedure," Dr. Moro said.&lt;br /&gt;"It might be superior to gamma knife thalamotomy and thus be a good treatment for tremor patients who cannot have deep brain stimulation or do not want to have an invasive treatment," she added. Only time will tell.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;By demonstrating that MR-guided focused ultrasound can safely and effectively treat tissue deep in the brain with &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;great precision and accuracy, we will open the door for treating a variety of conditions, such as Parkinson's &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;disease, brain tumors, and epilepsy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1HA9ivpmZyQ/Tz6EBK2mA6I/AAAAAAAAE_g/vtUEuwYqHw0/s1600/V+i+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="185" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1HA9ivpmZyQ/Tz6EBK2mA6I/AAAAAAAAE_g/vtUEuwYqHw0/s320/V+i+3.png" width="320" yda="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-3971206074891048015?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/3971206074891048015/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=3971206074891048015' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/3971206074891048015'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/3971206074891048015'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/nucleus-ventralis-intermedius-of.html' title='SIÊU ÂM ĐIỀU TRỊ RUN / nucleus ventralis intermedius of thalamus'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1cIfnIEh1d8/Tz5sgwpb9UI/AAAAAAAAE_I/Sml-N84skmM/s72-c/V+i+1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-1791784694783554696</id><published>2012-02-17T04:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-18T05:12:23.083-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SIÊU ÂM CHẨN ĐOÁN LOẠN SẢN KHỚP HÔNG CHẮC CHẮN LÚC 6 THÁNG TUỔI</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="border: currentColor; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Rn3LprWVbVk/Tz5Ahqf8DWI/AAAAAAAAE-o/8Yfycw4iHYg/s1600/Picture1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="194" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Rn3LprWVbVk/Tz5Ahqf8DWI/AAAAAAAAE-o/8Yfycw4iHYg/s640/Picture1.png" width="640" yda="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-b5cAPzRwQ2A/Tz5Arau8niI/AAAAAAAAE-4/li25UBLqCiU/s1600/hip+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="482" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-b5cAPzRwQ2A/Tz5Arau8niI/AAAAAAAAE-4/li25UBLqCiU/s640/hip+1.png" width="640" yda="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yCgNpS0Ibkg/Tz6GG4XsmDI/AAAAAAAAE_o/XDGn51aTZl0/s1600/hip.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yCgNpS0Ibkg/Tz6GG4XsmDI/AAAAAAAAE_o/XDGn51aTZl0/s640/hip.png" width="640" yda="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;Tại Việt nam, siêu âm tham gia khám khớp hông cho trẻ sơ sinh từ 1-2 ngày tuổi từ sau kết quả một tầm soát ở 811 trẻ tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh của Trung tâm Y khoa Medic (1995) được công bố. Tuy nhiên số bệnh nhi sau 6 tháng tuổi được khám siêu âm không nhiều, có thể bác sĩ lâm sàng quen với hình ảnh X-quang khung chậu, vì điểm cốt hóa đã cản quang rõ trên phim.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;Bài trên có ý nói siêu âm khớp hông ở trẻ 6 tháng tuổi có giá trị không thua kém X-quang, lại có lợi thế là không có tia xạ gây hại cho trẻ. Nên dùng siêu âm khớp hông thay thế cho X-quang&amp;nbsp;ở&amp;nbsp;trẻ trên 6 tháng tuổi.﻿&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-1791784694783554696?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/1791784694783554696/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=1791784694783554696' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1791784694783554696'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1791784694783554696'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/sieu-am-chan-oan-loan-san-khop-hong.html' title='SIÊU ÂM CHẨN ĐOÁN LOẠN SẢN KHỚP HÔNG CHẮC CHẮN LÚC 6 THÁNG TUỔI'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Rn3LprWVbVk/Tz5Ahqf8DWI/AAAAAAAAE-o/8Yfycw4iHYg/s72-c/Picture1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-8392620716217777320</id><published>2012-02-15T23:04:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-17T03:24:52.800-08:00</updated><title type='text'>A”Twinkling Artifact” Targets Kidney Stones for Lithotrypsy Treatment</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.apl.washington.edu/projects/twinkling_artifact/experiments_modeling.html"&gt;http://www.apl.washington.edu/projects/twinkling_artifact/experiments_modeling.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="O" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trong bài sau, các tác giả, &lt;/em&gt;Dr. Lawrence Crum và Dr. Michael Bailey ở Applied Physics Laboratory tại&amp;nbsp; University of Washington (APL-UW; Seattle, USA),&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;với kết quả mô hình hoá tác động siêu âm Doppler trên sỏi thận, cho rằng&amp;nbsp; lực bức xạ âm (acoustic radiation force, ARF) là một trong những yếu tố của cơ chế tạo ra xảo ảnh lấp lánh (twinkling artifact). Cơ chế này hiện còn chưa rõ, dù đã có vài giả thuyết đã công bố trước&amp;nbsp;đây.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Yêu cầu của nghiên cứu xuất phát từ nhu cầu điều trị sỏi thận cho phi hành gia trong không gian: không thể uống nhiều nước và ảnh hưởng của tình trạng phi trọng lực.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Các tác giả cho biết là sỏi khoảng 1/2 milimet sẽ bị dời chỗ dưới tác động của&amp;nbsp;lực bức xạ&amp;nbsp;âm&amp;nbsp;tới chỗ thoát của thận, với tốc độ 1 cm mỗi giây;&amp;nbsp;ứng dụng này như vậy còn có thể&amp;nbsp;được&amp;nbsp;áp dụng cho việc làm sạch các mảnh vỡ sau tán sỏi trong trường hợp&amp;nbsp;điều trị trên mặt&amp;nbsp;đất.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Đây là một&amp;nbsp;ý tưởng mới về cơ chế tạo ra xảo ảnh lấp lánh.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Xem &lt;a href="http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2010/04/twinkling-artifacts-useful-sonographic.html"&gt;twinkling artifact&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2010/04/twinkling-artifacts-useful-sonographic.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2008/12/mt-s-xo-nh-siu-m-mu-v-mu-nng-lng-bng-v.html"&gt;http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2008/12/mt-s-xo-nh-siu-m-mu-v-mu-nng-lng-bng-v.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Twinkling-Artifact Ultrasound Detects, Treats Kidney Stones, b&lt;/strong&gt;y Medimaging International staff writers. Posted on 14 Feb 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Space scientists are developing an ultrasound technology that could resolve various healthcare challenges associated with kidney stone treatment. The new technology detects stones with sophisticated ultrasound imaging based on a process called &lt;strong&gt;twinkling artifact&lt;/strong&gt;, and provides treatment by &lt;strong&gt;pushing the stone with focused ultrasound.&lt;/strong&gt; This technology could not only be beneficial for healthcare in space, but could also transform the treatment of kidney stones on Earth. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kidney stones are frequently painful and sometimes difficult to remove, and 10% of the population will suffer from them. In space, the risk of developing kidney stones is exacerbated due to environmental conditions. The health risk is magnified by the fact that resource limitations and distance from Earth could restrict treatment options. &lt;br /&gt;The project is led by US National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI; Houston, TX, USA) smart medical systems and technology team lead investigator Dr. Lawrence Crum and coinvestigator Dr. Michael Bailey; both are researchers at the Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of Washington (APL-UW; Seattle, USA). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Bailey stated that their technology is based on equipment currently available. “We have a diagnostic ultrasound machine that has enhanced capability to image kidney stones in the body,” said Dr. Bailey, a lead engineer at APL-UW. “We also have a capability that uses ultrasound waves coming right through the skin to &lt;strong&gt;push small stones or pieces of stones&lt;/strong&gt; toward the exit of the kidney, so they will naturally pass, avoiding surgery.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On Earth, the current preferred removal method is for patients to drink water to force the stones to pass naturally, but this does not always work, and surgery is frequently the only option. In space, the threat from kidney stones is greater due to the difficulty of keeping astronauts fully hydrated. Another factor is that bones demineralize in the reduced-gravity environment of space, dumping salts into the blood and eventually into the urine. The increased concentration of salts in the urine is a risk factor for stones. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Crum, who is a lead physicist at APL-UW, reported that kidney stones could be a serious difficulty on a long-duration mission. “It is possible that if a human were in a space exploration environment and could not easily return to Earth, such as a mission to an asteroid or Mars, kidney stones could be a dangerous situation,” Dr. Crum said. “We want to prepare for this risk by having a readily available treatment, such as pushing the stone via ultrasound.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Before a stone can be pushed, it needs to be located. Conventional ultrasound units have a black and white imaging mode called B-mode that creates an image of the anatomy. They also have a Doppler mode that specifically displays blood flow and the motion of the blood within tissue in color. In Doppler mode, a kidney stone can appear brightly colored and twinkling. The reason for this is not known; however, the scientists are working to understand what causes the twinkling artifact image. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“At the same time, we have gone beyond twinkling artifact and utilized what we know with some other knowledge about kidney stones to create specific modes for kidney stones,” Dr. Bailey said. “We present the stone in a way that looks like it is twinkling in an image in which the anatomy is black and white, with one brightly colored stone or multiple colored stones.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Once the stones are located, the ultrasound machine operator can select a stone to target, and then, with a simple push of a button, send a focused ultrasound wave, approximately half a millimeter in width, to move the stone toward the kidney’s exit. &lt;em&gt;The stone moves about 1 cm per second&lt;/em&gt;. In addition to being an option to surgery, the technology can be used to “clean up” after surgery. “There are always residual fragments left behind after surgery,” Dr. Bailey said. “Fifty percent of those patients will be back within five years for treatment. We can help those fragments pass.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ultrasound technology being developed for NSBRI by Drs. Crum and Bailey is not restricted to kidney stone detection and removal. The technology can also be used to stop internal bleeding and ablate tumors. Dr. Crum reported that the research group has novel plans for the technology. “We envision a platform technology that has open architecture, is software-based and can use ultrasound for a variety of applications,” he said. “Not just for diagnosis, but also for therapy.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NSBRI’s research range includes other projects seeking to develop smart medical systems and technologies, such as new uses for ultrasound that provide healthcare to astronauts in space. Dr. Crum, who served eight years as an NSBRI team leader, noted that the innovative approaches to overcome the restrictive environment of space could make an impact on Earth. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Space has demanded medical care technology that is versatile, low-cost, and has restricted size. All of these required specifications for use in a space environment are now almost demanded by the general public,” Dr. Crum said. “One of the reasons that translation from one site to another is possible is because of NSBRI’s investment.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Related Links:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;US National Space Biomedical Research Institute&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of Washington&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;____________________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Doppler mode in clinical diagnostic ultrasound detects motion, particularly blood flow, and displays the moving blood as red or blue on the imager's screen. For some unknown reason, when a stationary kidney stone is imaged in Doppler mode, the stone is displayed as a rainblow of colors, which makes the stone readily apparent. Something about the presence of the stone tricks the machine into displaying the color, which is an artifact because the color does not represent true motion. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Because twinkling is an artifact, its appearance can be intermittent and unreliable. The unreliability is exacerbated because of the variability of ultrasound imager proprietary technologies. We are focused on how to understand the artifact and make it into a useful tool to detect and treat kidney stones with lithotripsy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;APPLICATIONS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We see at least three applications of the "twinkling artifact" to kidney stone treatment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First, stones are usually diagnosed with spiral CT imaging, which cannot be done in a doctor's office and exposes the patient to ionizing radiation. Our ultrasound technique would allow an immediate localization in the doctor's office and spare the patient the radiation exposure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, most stone are treated by lithotripsy, where shock waves are sent into the patient's body to break stones. Most often X-ray fluoroscopy, which is generally not as good as spiral CT, is used to find the stone to target the treatement. These images are not always clear and sometimes the lithotripsy is done based on a best guess as to the stone's location. Twinkling could provide better targeting without the X-ray radiation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Third, the stone moves as the patient breathes during lithotripsy treatment, which mean that about half the shock waves miss the stone and impact only kidney tissue. Lithotripsy has known side effects (i.e., tissue injury) and the fewer shock waves used the fewer side effects. Twinkling is a sensitive and real-time stone detector that could be used to ensure shock waves are only triggered when the stone is in the lithotripter's focus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tnct5hb_NPg/TzzHSBLqG7I/AAAAAAAAE-U/Y3yrBNXkCr4/s1600/twinkling+0b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tnct5hb_NPg/TzzHSBLqG7I/AAAAAAAAE-U/Y3yrBNXkCr4/s640/twinkling+0b.jpg" width="640" yda="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Although the applications are clear, the mechanism that causes twinkling is a complex mixture of factors. The ultrasound imager produces tiny motions in the stone and receives from the stone an echo that is generally stronger than that from tissue and contains reverberations from within the stone. These extra signals appear as if structures within the volume of the stone are moving in and out of the image. The confusion is further compounded by processing within the machine, which essentially amplifies the extra signals and variation in the collection of sequences of images.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gBiD-eREq14/Tzyp9CAKMSI/AAAAAAAAE98/wJZ6kcFKUb4/s1600/twinkling+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gBiD-eREq14/Tzyp9CAKMSI/AAAAAAAAE98/wJZ6kcFKUb4/s640/twinkling+2.jpg" width="640" yda="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our approach is to use numerical modeling of the echoes and reverberations, and compare these to the raw data collected by ultrasound images for stones in water, tissue, and patients. We then create our own images using specific algorithms that mimic the proprietary processing in the imaging systems. We can generally recreate what is shown on the imagers and detect patterns that are used to specifically image just stones and not motion. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FBpF8nHSKm8/TzyqDBAb66I/AAAAAAAAE-E/IMyG18bAmME/s1600/twinkling+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="280" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FBpF8nHSKm8/TzyqDBAb66I/AAAAAAAAE-E/IMyG18bAmME/s640/twinkling+3.jpg" width="640" yda="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In our experience, the artifact reveals the stone in 100% of the animal studies and has performed reliably in an initial handful of human studies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cpMD7wAcuKw/TzyqIuvILFI/AAAAAAAAE-M/9kSJb_V-PKc/s1600/twinkling+0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="168" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cpMD7wAcuKw/TzyqIuvILFI/AAAAAAAAE-M/9kSJb_V-PKc/s320/twinkling+0.jpg" width="320" yda="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-8392620716217777320?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/8392620716217777320/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=8392620716217777320' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/8392620716217777320'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/8392620716217777320'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/atwinkling-artifact-targets-kidney.html' title='A”Twinkling Artifact” Targets Kidney Stones for Lithotrypsy Treatment'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-tnct5hb_NPg/TzzHSBLqG7I/AAAAAAAAE-U/Y3yrBNXkCr4/s72-c/twinkling+0b.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-2742974053631720183</id><published>2012-02-11T08:35:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-12T06:39:26.381-08:00</updated><title type='text'>HistoScanning™</title><content type='html'>HistoScanning™ là một ứng dụng siêu âm mới, bằng cách sử dụng thuật toán phân biệt mô tiên tiến, để&amp;nbsp;thể hiện vị trí và lan rộng của mô biệt hoá, nghi là ác tính. Ban đầu dùng cho tuyến tiền liệt, giúp bác sĩ điều trị chọn phương thức xử l‎‎í, lên kế hoạch điều trị và chọn lọc bệnh nhân ung thư để theo dõi tích cực,&amp;nbsp;sau được phát triển cho ung thư vú, buồng trứng và tuyến giáp.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thuật toán HistoScanning&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A. Thuật toán chọn lọc dựa vào đặc điểm biệt hoá mô.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trình bày hình tượng hoá dấu ấn âm học (acoustic signature)&amp;nbsp;điển hình của 3 thuật toán biệt hoá mô của vùng ác tính và không ác tính. Hình (a-c) thể hiện tổn thương ác tính và hình (d-f) là vùng không ác tính. Chú&amp;nbsp;ý khác biệt giá trị của trục y giữa (a) và (d), (b) và (e), (c) và (f).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B. Thuật toán phân biệt cá thể và kết hợp được tạo nên từ dữ liệu của bệnh nhân (scan + mô học) để đạt được phân cách thống kê tối đa.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Đối chiếu các vùng ác tính và lành tính của tuyến tiền liệt cho kết quả các kiểu phân bố khác nhau về số hoá, phân bố của vùng ung thư (màu cam) lệch sang P (giá trị cao) trong khi vùng không bệnh có màu xanh. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C. Thuật toán được cài vào trong máy siêu âm để tối ưu hoá việc phân biệt mô.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tích hợp các phân bố về toán học của 3 thuật toán phân biệt giúp xác định kiểu số hoá có khả năng giúp xác định rõ mô tuyến tiền liệt ác tính và không ác tính. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nguyên lý hoạt động&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ung thư được phân biệt bởi tăng sản bất thường các tế bào ác tính làm thay đổi cấu trúc và đặc điểm mô. Biến đổi hình thái này &lt;em&gt;ảnh hưởng đến kiểu tán xạ của sóng âm truyền qua mô&lt;/em&gt;. Thuật toán mới và độc quyền này ghi nhận được các thay đổi của tán xạ âm. Cách tiếp cận này giúp phân biệt đặc điểm cấu trúc mô xa hơn các kỹ thuật tạo hình siêu âm hiện tại. Thuật toán của HistoScanning có thể ứng dụng và xác định cấu trúc mô khu trú trong các cơ quan đặc biệt như tuyến tiền liệt, buồng trứng, tuyến giáp và tuyến vú. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Xem video &lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dj50ltXIdEo"&gt;HistoScanning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;________________________&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is HistoScanning™?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;HistoScanning™ is a novel ultrasound-based application that utilises advanced tissue characterisation algorithms to visualise the position and extent of differentiated tissue, suspected of being malignant. Prostate HistoScanning™ is a commercially available specific application that can support physicians managing prostate cancer patients with treatment selection, treatment planning, and selecting patients for active surveillance. HistoScanning™ applications are being developed for Breast, Ovary and Thyroid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HistoScanning™ algorithms&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Several algorithms are selected based on their basic tissue differentiation characteristics.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Graphical representation of the typical acoustic signature of the three tissue characterisation algorithms for malignant and non-malignant areas. Graphs (a-c) represent a malignant lesion and graphs (d-f) represent a non-malignant area. Note the difference in the y axis value between (a) and (d), (b) and (e), (c) and (f). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hbpCmX6P9Sc/TzaR_5bvYQI/AAAAAAAAE78/_sSFIPId2fg/s1600/principles_image1_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="248" sda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hbpCmX6P9Sc/TzaR_5bvYQI/AAAAAAAAE78/_sSFIPId2fg/s320/principles_image1_.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Individual and composite differentiation algorithms are trained on patient data sets (scan + histology) to achieve maximum statistical separation.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comparing normal and malignant areas in the prostate resulted in different distributions of numerical patterns, with distributions related to cancerous areas (in orange) systematically shifted to the right (higher values) when compared to distributions related to the normal area (in blue).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k5GG6yZep1Q/TzaSWZ5PBNI/AAAAAAAAE8E/I_FKW35S4eE/s1600/principles_image2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="170" sda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k5GG6yZep1Q/TzaSWZ5PBNI/AAAAAAAAE8E/I_FKW35S4eE/s320/principles_image2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trained algorithms are implemented into the system to provide optimized differentiation.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mathematical integration of the distributions provided by the three characterization algorithms allowed the definition of numerical patterns likely to be specific of non-malignant or of malignant prostatic tissues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-W1t650REh2A/TzaSugRnLKI/AAAAAAAAE8M/NXIgMxEUlWI/s1600/principles_image3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="305" sda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-W1t650REh2A/TzaSugRnLKI/AAAAAAAAE8M/NXIgMxEUlWI/s320/principles_image3.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Principle of Operation &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Cancer is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of malignant cells resulting in altered tissue structures and characteristics. The resulting morphological variability affects the scatter patterns of ultrasound waves traveling through the tissue. Changes in the ultrasound scatter footprint are picked‐up by innovative and proprietary algorithms. This approach allows for differentiation of tissue morphology characteristics beyond what is possible with currently available ultrasound imaging techniques. The algorithms used by HistoScanning can be adapted and trained to identify inute localized tissue structures in specific organs (eg. prostate, ovary, thyroid, breast, etc). &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CBohLHjuJKQ/Tzafm6PmFOI/AAAAAAAAE9c/M2FnhzbDBGk/s1600/histoscanning+mechanism.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="332" sda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CBohLHjuJKQ/Tzafm6PmFOI/AAAAAAAAE9c/M2FnhzbDBGk/s640/histoscanning+mechanism.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Value of HistoScanning &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New insights provided by HistoScanning may help physicians: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Shorten time to treatment &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Improve the diagnostic accuracy hence reducing uncertainties and patient anxiety &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• When cancer is suspected, direct diagnostic modalities (such as biopsies) to lesions most likely to be malignant &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Make more informed treatment decisions &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Implement effective active surveillance programs so as to avoid or postpone radical treatment &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Actively monitor treatment effectiveness &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Achieve cost savings in patient management by ensuring the most efficient use of resources &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HistoScanning Applications &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;HistoScanning technology can be adapted and trained to differentiate tissues in organs accessible by ultrasound. Applications are being developed to address various organs specific clinical challenges. Current developments are focused in the fields of prostate, ovarian, thyroid and breast cancer: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;Prostate HistoScanning&lt;/strong&gt; is primarily aimed at improving the clinical management of men presenting with elevated levels of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and therefore scheduled to undergo ultrasound guided biopsy. Prostate HistoScanning may help rule out clinically relevant prostate cancer in men with elevated serum PSA due to non malignant conditions and guide biopsies towards the suspicious lesions in men with positive HistoScanning results. Furthermore, it has the potential to provide guidance in treatment selection based on the stage of cancer. HistoScanning for the prostate is currently under clinical evaluation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;Ovarian HistoScanning&lt;/strong&gt; is for the clinical management of patients presenting with abnormal pelvic symptoms or a suspicious mass on a routine ultrasound scan. Ovarian HistoScanning has been shown in a multicentre clinical study to have sensitivity in the identification of cancerous tissue of 98% compared with 75% for the radiologist relying on the standard ultrasound scan alone. HistoScanning for the ovaries based on grey level data is currently under limited release. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;Thyroid HistoScanning&lt;/strong&gt; aims to address the clinical challenges associated with the differentiation and localization of thyroid cancer and may provide a non‐invasive alternative to actively monitor disease recurrence. HistoScanning for the thyroid is currently in the clinical evaluation phase. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;Breast HistoScanning&lt;/strong&gt; is aimed at supporting ultrasound‐based detection of malignancies in the breast and in particular improving the sensitivity and specificity of breast imaging. Furthermore, Breast HistoScanning is expected to facilitate screening in women with mammographically dense breasts. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ucacSHNMdac/TzaTeamhoiI/AAAAAAAAE8U/emZxFH5msno/s1600/prostate+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="173" sda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ucacSHNMdac/TzaTeamhoiI/AAAAAAAAE8U/emZxFH5msno/s400/prostate+1.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6e79tYCqR8k/TzaTk37CwKI/AAAAAAAAE8c/3AtmCnFyZos/s1600/prostate+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="160" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6e79tYCqR8k/TzaTk37CwKI/AAAAAAAAE8c/3AtmCnFyZos/s400/prostate+2.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Detection, localisation and characterisation of prostate cancer by Prostate HistoScanning™&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lucy A.M. Simmons, Philippe Autier Frantiŝek Zát'ura, Johan Braeckman, Alexandre Peltier, Ire Romic, Arnulf Stenzl, Karien Treurnicht, Tara Walker, Dror Nir, Caroline M. Moore, Mark Emberton&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Article first published online: 17 NOV 2011&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--5XhvCyp6As/TzaXBgAj2-I/AAAAAAAAE9M/lxpRYzlAiUo/s1600/prostate+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="167" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--5XhvCyp6As/TzaXBgAj2-I/AAAAAAAAE9M/lxpRYzlAiUo/s400/prostate+3.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prostate cancer is one of the few solid-organ cancers in which imaging is not used in the diagnostic process. Novel functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques offer promise but may not be cost-effective.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prostate HistoScanning™ (PHS) is an ultrasound-based tissue characterisation technique that has previously shown encouraging results in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. The present study reports on the open ‘unblinded’ phase of a European multicentre study. The prospective ‘blind’ phase is currently in progress and will determine the value of PHS in a robust fashion overcoming many of the biases inherent in evaluating prostate imaging.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OBJECTIVE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To evaluate the ability of prostate HistoScanning™ (PHS) an ultrasound (US)-based tissue characterization application, to detect cancer foci by correlating results with detailed radical prostatectomy (RP) histology.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PATIENT AND METHODS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In all, 31 patients with organ-confined prostate cancer, diagnosed on transrectal biopsies taken using US guidance, and scheduled for RP were recruited from six European centres.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Before RP three-dimensional (3D) US raw data for PHS analysis was obtained. Histology by Bostwick Laboratories (London) examined sections obtained from whole mounted glands cut every 3–4 mm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Location and volume estimation of cancer foci by PHS were undertaken using two methods; a manual method and an embedded software tool.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this report we evaluate data obtained from a planned open study phase. The second phase of the study is ‘blinded’, and currently in progress.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RESULTS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;31 patients were eligible for this phase. Three patients were excluded from analysis due to inadequate scan acquisition and pathology violations of the standard operating procedure. One patient withdrew from the study after 3D TRUS examination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PHS detected cancer ≥0.20 mL in 25/27 prostates (sensitivity 93%).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In all, 23 patients had an index focus ≥0.5 mL at pathology, of which 21 were identified as ≥0.5 mL by PHS using the manual method (sensitivity 91%) and 19 were correctly identified as ≥0.5 mL by the embedded tool (sensitivity 83%).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 27 patients, histological analysis found 32 cancerous foci ≥0.2 mL, located in 97 of 162 sextants. After sextant analysis, PHS showed a 90% sensitivity and 72% specificity for the localisation of lesions ≥0.2 mL within a sextant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-k4ZDwtBhs0U/TzfOweL4ovI/AAAAAAAAE9k/B74nWnQ2kGU/s1600/prostate+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="308" sda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-k4ZDwtBhs0U/TzfOweL4ovI/AAAAAAAAE9k/B74nWnQ2kGU/s640/prostate+4.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSIONS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PHS has the ability to identify and locate prostate cancer and consequently may aid in pre-treatment and pre-surgical planning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In men with a lesion identified, it has potential to enable improved targeting, allowing better risk stratification by obtaining more representative cores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However further verification from the results of the blinded phase of this study are awaited.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;﻿ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l430jnKyulk/TzaTsS9HqeI/AAAAAAAAE8k/Gv0k8leItD8/s1600/thyroid.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200" sda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-l430jnKyulk/TzaTsS9HqeI/AAAAAAAAE8k/Gv0k8leItD8/s400/thyroid.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wXDMjTSO2HI/TzaTxpRtB0I/AAAAAAAAE8s/ndrzxlB3f-g/s1600/breast+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="113" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wXDMjTSO2HI/TzaTxpRtB0I/AAAAAAAAE8s/ndrzxlB3f-g/s400/breast+1.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ePuX8tlzEj8/TzaT26_p2yI/AAAAAAAAE80/8davsx4iMXk/s1600/breast+histoscanning+1" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ePuX8tlzEj8/TzaT26_p2yI/AAAAAAAAE80/8davsx4iMXk/s320/breast+histoscanning+1" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jonh3heH7Ys/TzaT7EPZAJI/AAAAAAAAE88/NSOJHsXPd8A/s1600/breast+histoscanning+2" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="282" sda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jonh3heH7Ys/TzaT7EPZAJI/AAAAAAAAE88/NSOJHsXPd8A/s320/breast+histoscanning+2" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WNyqKBJlh4c/TzaT_iM7OzI/AAAAAAAAE9E/f9EcG0nGF8A/s1600/breast+histoscanning+3" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="274" sda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WNyqKBJlh4c/TzaT_iM7OzI/AAAAAAAAE9E/f9EcG0nGF8A/s320/breast+histoscanning+3" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Differential diagnosis of adnexal masses: sequential use of the risk of malignancy index and HistoScanning, a novel computer-aided diagnostic tool&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E. VAES*†, R. MANCHANDA‡, P. AUTIER§, R. NIR¶, D. NIR¶, H. BLEIBERG**, A. ROBERT* and U. MENON‡, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 39:91–98&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/uog.9079&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Objective&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To assess the value of ovarian HistoScanning TM, a novel computerized technique for interpreting ultrasound data, in combination with the risk of malignancy index (RMI) in improving triage for women with adnexal masses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methods&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RMI indices were assessed in 199 women enrolled in a prospective study to investigate the use of HistoScanning. Ultrasound scores were obtained by blinded analysis of archived images. The following sequential test was developed: HistoScanning was modeled as a second-line test for RMI between a lower cut-off and an upper cut-off. The optimal combination of these cut-offs that together maximized the Youden index (Sensitivity + Speciﬁcity − 1) was determined.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using RMI at the standard cut-off value of 250 resulted in a sensitivity of 74% and a speciﬁcity of 86%. When RMI was combined with HistoScanning, the highest accuracy was achieved by using HistoScanning as a sequential second-line test for patients with R&amp;nbsp; values between 105 and 2100. At these cut-off values, sequential use of RMI and HistoScanning resulted in mean sensitivity and speciﬁcity estimates of 88% and 95%, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Conclusions &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Our data suggest that HistoScanning may have the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of RMI, which could result in better triage for women with adnexal masses. Further prospective validation is warranted. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;Copyright &lt;span style="color: black; font-family: MingLiU_HKSCS; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: MingLiU_HKSCS; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Ltd.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;﻿&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-2742974053631720183?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/2742974053631720183/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=2742974053631720183' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/2742974053631720183'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/2742974053631720183'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/histoscanning.html' title='HistoScanning™'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hbpCmX6P9Sc/TzaR_5bvYQI/AAAAAAAAE78/_sSFIPId2fg/s72-c/principles_image1_.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-2313737727540885131</id><published>2012-02-05T05:33:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-09T08:32:17.593-08:00</updated><title type='text'>NHÂN CA U TUYẾN HUNG DẠNG NANG TẠI MEDIC</title><content type='html'>See case 108 A MEDIASTINAL CYSTIC THYMOMA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ds4UGEdbYiE/TzJzmlCT7SI/AAAAAAAAE6k/XpS2HSK3Juc/s1600/cystic+thymoma+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="218" sda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ds4UGEdbYiE/TzJzmlCT7SI/AAAAAAAAE6k/XpS2HSK3Juc/s400/cystic+thymoma+1.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zE_3zUgFF-8/TzJzq57zp9I/AAAAAAAAE6s/lapfmQvhKE4/s1600/cystic+thymoma+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="225" sda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zE_3zUgFF-8/TzJzq57zp9I/AAAAAAAAE6s/lapfmQvhKE4/s320/cystic+thymoma+2.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SmbZk7nPy4s/TzJzu_1x6LI/AAAAAAAAE60/_W9GyySEP28/s1600/cystic+thymoma+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="198" sda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SmbZk7nPy4s/TzJzu_1x6LI/AAAAAAAAE60/_W9GyySEP28/s320/cystic+thymoma+3.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W9SiV-IN6kk/TzJzy-qU6mI/AAAAAAAAE68/7xlKKurPzws/s1600/cystic+thymoma+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="168" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W9SiV-IN6kk/TzJzy-qU6mI/AAAAAAAAE68/7xlKKurPzws/s320/cystic+thymoma+4.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8rj_4X6LogY/TzJ0eokfv-I/AAAAAAAAE7c/2UMOf59MvWk/s1600/CYSTIC+THYMOMA+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" sda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8rj_4X6LogY/TzJ0eokfv-I/AAAAAAAAE7c/2UMOf59MvWk/s400/CYSTIC+THYMOMA+5.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--4z7XMtsWcI/TzJ0kPv8-sI/AAAAAAAAE7k/FOyube15ruc/s1600/CYSTIC+THYMOMA+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--4z7XMtsWcI/TzJ0kPv8-sI/AAAAAAAAE7k/FOyube15ruc/s400/CYSTIC+THYMOMA+6.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7T37t_TFrVI/TzJ0FJWTjPI/AAAAAAAAE7U/FzWjh8HMAvc/s1600/cystic+thymoma+7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="194" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7T37t_TFrVI/TzJ0FJWTjPI/AAAAAAAAE7U/FzWjh8HMAvc/s320/cystic+thymoma+7.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vSmuOIEi-3s/TzJ42vwrLzI/AAAAAAAAE7s/Bc0nXXQyUgk/s1600/cystic+thymoma+8.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="223" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vSmuOIEi-3s/TzJ42vwrLzI/AAAAAAAAE7s/Bc0nXXQyUgk/s400/cystic+thymoma+8.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2RhNJWr_zOo/TzJ5BIaqUYI/AAAAAAAAE70/EuwXIC8-BZI/s1600/cystic+thymoma+9.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="362" sda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2RhNJWr_zOo/TzJ5BIaqUYI/AAAAAAAAE70/EuwXIC8-BZI/s400/cystic+thymoma+9.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pankaj Kaul, Kalyana Javangula and Shahme A Farook, &lt;strong&gt;Massive benign pericardial cyst presenting with simultaneous superior vena cava and middle lobe syndromes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Primary mediastinal cysts constitute approximately one fifth of all mediastinal masses. The cysts may originate from pleura or pericardium, tracheobronchial tree, gastrointestinal tract, neurogenic tissue, thymus gland or lymphoid tissue. Benign teratomas may present as epidermoid cysts, dermoid cysts or cystic teratomas [1]. Mediastinal cystic masses may also result from specific or non-specific infections or parasitic infestations like Echinococcus [2]. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anterior mediastinal cysts most commonly are pleuropericardial, thymic, teratomatous or cystic hygromas. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pleuropericardial cysts&lt;/strong&gt; are benign mesothelial cysts that arise as a result of persistence of one of the mesenchymal lacunae that normally fuse to form the pericardial sac [3], or, as suggested by Lillie [4], due to the failure of an embryological ventral diverticulum to fuse. Alternatively, they may be believed to arise from the infolding of the advancing edge of the pleura during its embryological development. These cysts are unilocular, contain clear watery fluid, present typically in anterior cardiophrenic angle, more often on right side than left. Microscopically, the wall has a single layer of mesothelial cells resting on a loose stroma of connective tissue. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;True thymic cysts&lt;/strong&gt; are thin walled, unilocular and contain normal thymic tissue within their walls and arise from third branchial pouch. Microscopically, the wall is lined by low cuboidal epithelium. However, malignant degeneration within a thymoma may result in a cystic thymoma, with a residual mass projecting into the cavity of the cyst from the wall. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Typically, &lt;strong&gt;lymphangiomas&lt;/strong&gt; arise from neck and extend into mediastinum. They contain chyle and are classified according to the size of the spaces into cystic hygromas or cavernous lymphangiomas. Cystic hygromas are multiloculated, and a mediastinal hygroma is almost always an extension of a cervical hygroma. However, rarely, a uniloculated primary anterior mediastinal lymphogenous cyst containing yellow or brown fluid may be found [5]. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Teratodermoids&lt;/strong&gt; are classified generically as benign germ cell tumours. They are further divided into three categories: epidermoid cysts which are lined by simple squamous cell epithelium, dermoid cysts which have squamous epithelial lining containing elements of skin appendages like hair and sebaceous glands and teratomas which may be solid or cystic and contain identifiable cellular elements of two or three germinal layers [1]. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-2313737727540885131?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/2313737727540885131/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=2313737727540885131' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/2313737727540885131'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/2313737727540885131'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/nhan-ca-nang-mang-tim-tai-medic.html' title='NHÂN CA U TUYẾN HUNG DẠNG NANG TẠI MEDIC'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ds4UGEdbYiE/TzJzmlCT7SI/AAAAAAAAE6k/XpS2HSK3Juc/s72-c/cystic+thymoma+1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-5398822873719622036</id><published>2012-02-04T23:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-07T07:02:31.719-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Parasternal Sonography</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;Parasternal sonography&lt;/strong&gt; is a sensitive technique for the detection of tumors in the anterior mediastinal and subcarinal mediastinal spaces. From AJR 150:1021-1026, May 1988,&amp;nbsp; American Roentgen Ray Society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yRbKeYKsQTI/Ty4nScWOjNI/AAAAAAAAE4M/8GabJK5WyvA/s1600/parasternal+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="156" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yRbKeYKsQTI/Ty4nScWOjNI/AAAAAAAAE4M/8GabJK5WyvA/s400/parasternal+2.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FoYrQW5zY7w/Ty4nbmN6t3I/AAAAAAAAE4U/lYWCwsu83Mc/s1600/parasternal+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="186" sda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FoYrQW5zY7w/Ty4nbmN6t3I/AAAAAAAAE4U/lYWCwsu83Mc/s400/parasternal+4.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eWg7LaMmmws/Ty4nrUtWkjI/AAAAAAAAE4c/a9nXSKr-DAQ/s1600/parasternal+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="223" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eWg7LaMmmws/Ty4nrUtWkjI/AAAAAAAAE4c/a9nXSKr-DAQ/s400/parasternal+5.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Results&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Twenty-seven patients with anterior mediastinal (n = 16) and subcarinal (n = 17) tumors greater than 1 cm in diameter on CT were included in the study. Some patients had tumors in more than one region. Only anterior mediastinal tumors not in contact with the chest wall on the CT scan were selected. Ten patients with large anterior mediastinal tumors broadly attached to the thoracic wall were excluded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;37 patients (11 women, 16 men) were 20-58 years old (average age, 35). In patients with &lt;strong&gt;Hodgkin&lt;/strong&gt; (n = 8) and &lt;strong&gt;non-Hodgkin&lt;/strong&gt; (n = 8) &lt;strong&gt;lymphoma&lt;/strong&gt;, only histologic proof from peripheral lymph nodes was available. In 4 patients, biopsies were consistent with&lt;strong&gt; sarcoidosis&lt;/strong&gt;; 2 were confirmed by mediastinoscopy and 2 by bronchoscopy. Diagnoses were surgically proved in 2 patients with &lt;strong&gt;thymomas&lt;/strong&gt;, one patient with &lt;strong&gt;bronchogenic carcinoma&lt;/strong&gt;, one patient with a &lt;strong&gt;malignant fibrous histiocytoma&lt;/strong&gt;, and one patient with an &lt;strong&gt;unclassified sarcoma&lt;/strong&gt;. One patient each had &lt;strong&gt;mediastinal metastases&lt;/strong&gt; of melanoma and testicular carcinoma.&lt;br /&gt;During the same period, 30 patients with normal mediastinal CT scans were investigated with sonography. Twenty-two were referred for evaluation of lymphoma, nine for initial staging and 13 for restaging. In the latter 13 patients, there had been neither previous mediastinal lymph-node involvement nor mediastinal radiotherapy. Eight patients were healthy volunteers. All patients in the control group (12 women, 18 men) had a normal chest radiograph. They were 21-73 years old (average age, 42).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QW9ehNL4kL8/Ty4n2CrYLCI/AAAAAAAAE4k/NVe0MJisrY8/s1600/parasternal+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="356" sda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QW9ehNL4kL8/Ty4n2CrYLCI/AAAAAAAAE4k/NVe0MJisrY8/s640/parasternal+1.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-5398822873719622036?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/5398822873719622036/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=5398822873719622036' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5398822873719622036'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5398822873719622036'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/parasternal-sonography.html' title='Parasternal Sonography'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yRbKeYKsQTI/Ty4nScWOjNI/AAAAAAAAE4M/8GabJK5WyvA/s72-c/parasternal+2.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-92401738543648710</id><published>2012-02-02T03:10:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-03T20:59:48.545-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SWE Improves the Specificity of Breast Ultrasound</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VXPgPW1VbsY/TypuncvI0pI/AAAAAAAAE2s/Wo3gqa8n_f0/s1600/SWE+breast+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="356" sda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VXPgPW1VbsY/TypuncvI0pI/AAAAAAAAE2s/Wo3gqa8n_f0/s640/SWE+breast+1.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mTgyDHQRDwU/TyqiGg8jaoI/AAAAAAAAE20/n77giuSeLKs/s1600/SWE+vu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mTgyDHQRDwU/TyqiGg8jaoI/AAAAAAAAE20/n77giuSeLKs/s640/SWE+vu.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p39psj_H5o0/Tyy6raiEgGI/AAAAAAAAE28/YxwNFd7J-pI/s1600/comment+vu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" sda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p39psj_H5o0/Tyy6raiEgGI/AAAAAAAAE28/YxwNFd7J-pI/s640/comment+vu.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;﻿&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mục đích&lt;/strong&gt;: Để xác định xem thêm SA đàn hồi sóng biến dạng (shear wave, SW) vào có thể tăng cường tính chính xác của đánh giá siêu âm (US) các khối u vú hay không.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Đối tượng và phương pháp&lt;/strong&gt;: Từ tháng 9 năm 2008 đến tháng 9 năm 2010, 958 phụ nữ đồng ý để khám siêu âm vú tiêu chuẩn, được bổ sung thêm siêu âm đàn hồi định lượng trong một khảo sát tiền cứu đa trung tâm được phê chuẩn, theo giao thức HIPAA tương thích. Các đặc điểm BI-RADS và đánh giá được ghi nhận. Đánh giá siêu âm đàn hồi sóng biến dạng (độ đàn hồi của phần cứng nhất của u vú trung bình, tối đa và tối thiểu và mô xung quanh; tỉ lệ độ đàn hồi của tổn thương với mô mỡ; tỷ lệ đường kính hoặc tiết diện tổn thương của SA đàn hồi với B-mode; dạng và sự đồng nhất tổn thương của SA đàn hồi) đã được thực hiện. SA đàn hồi màu độ cứng định tính được đánh giá độc lập. 939 khối u vú được phân tích; 102 khối u BI-RADS 2 được giả định là lành tính; 837 tổn thương BI-RADS 3 hoặc cao hơn thuộc tiêu chuẩn tham khảo. BI-RADS 4a hoặc cao hơn được coi là ác tính dương tính, hiệu quả tính năng SA đàn hồi trong vùng AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve), độ nhạy và độ chuyên biệt các u sau khi tái phân hạng loại 3 và 4a được xác định.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kết quả&lt;/strong&gt;: Số trung vị tuổi tham gia là 50 năm; 289 /939 khối (30,8%) là ác tính (kích thước trung bình= 12 mm). AUC của BI-RADS B-mode là 0,950; 8/ 303 khối (2,6%) BI-RADS 3, 18 / 193 tổn thương (9,3%) BIRADS 4a, 41 / 97 tổn thương BIRADS 4b (42%), 42 / 57 tổn thương loại 4 c (74%), và 180 /187 (96,3%) loại 5 là tổn thương ác tính. Bằng cách sử dụng độ cứng màu nâng cấp có chọn lọc loại 3 và để hạ khối u vú thiếu độ cứng xuống khỏi BIRADS 4a, độ chuyên biệt tăng từ 61,1% (397 u / 650) lên 78,5% (510 / 650) (P &amp;lt;. 001); AUC tăng lên 0,962 (P =.005). Hình dạng bầu dục trên SA đàn hồi và độ đàn hồi định lượng tối đa là 80 kPa (tương đương =5,2 m/s) hoặc ít hơn được cải tiến độ đặc hiệu (69,4% [451 / 650] và 77,4% [503 / 650], P &amp;lt;.001 cho cả hai), mà không có sự cải tiến quan trọng của độ nhạy hoặc AUC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kIjo5VJxkTI/Tyy64SByL5I/AAAAAAAAE3E/woORQXAcqcQ/s1600/vu+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kIjo5VJxkTI/Tyy64SByL5I/AAAAAAAAE3E/woORQXAcqcQ/s320/vu+1.png" width="296" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8kWlDVW5R0U/Tyy6-NlcLkI/AAAAAAAAE3M/aIoxTj6_PuI/s1600/vu+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8kWlDVW5R0U/Tyy6-NlcLkI/AAAAAAAAE3M/aIoxTj6_PuI/s320/vu+2.png" width="252" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5RvJ9io8bzU/Tyy7C-622YI/AAAAAAAAE3U/8QwvjN3zm4k/s1600/vu+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" sda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5RvJ9io8bzU/Tyy7C-622YI/AAAAAAAAE3U/8QwvjN3zm4k/s320/vu+4.png" width="259" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kết luận&lt;/strong&gt;: Thêm đặc điểm SA đàn hồi SW vào phân tích BI-RADS làm tăng cường độ chuyên biệt của đánh giá SA vú mà không làm mất độ nhạy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-92401738543648710?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/92401738543648710/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=92401738543648710' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/92401738543648710'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/92401738543648710'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/swe-improves-specificity-of-breast.html' title='SWE Improves the Specificity of Breast Ultrasound'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VXPgPW1VbsY/TypuncvI0pI/AAAAAAAAE2s/Wo3gqa8n_f0/s72-c/SWE+breast+1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-814911126329982326</id><published>2012-02-01T06:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-02T08:38:41.936-08:00</updated><title type='text'>VTQ Using ARFI Technology of Solid Breast Masses</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mwPeqi3y7vs/TylJpzIFfkI/AAAAAAAAE1M/ywH48Vd3_jQ/s1600/VTI+breast+lesion+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="356" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mwPeqi3y7vs/TylJpzIFfkI/AAAAAAAAE1M/ywH48Vd3_jQ/s640/VTI+breast+lesion+1.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Objectives— The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical usage of Virtual Touch tissue quantification (VTQ; Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) implementing sonographic acoustic radiation force impulse technology for differentiation between benign and malignant solid breast masses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methods— A total of 143 solid breast masses were examined with VTQ, and their shear wave velocities (SWVs) were measured. From all of the masses, 30 were examined by two independent operators to evaluate the reproducibility of the results of VTQ measurement. All masses were later surgically resected, and the histologic results were correlated with the SWV results. A receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to assess the diagnostic performance of VTQ. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results— A total of 102 benign lesions and 41 carcinomas were diagnosed on the basis of histologic examination. The VTQ measurements performed by the two independent operators yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.885. Applying a cutoff point of 3.065 m/s, a significant difference (P&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; .001) was found between the SWVs of the benign (mean ± SD, 2.25 ± 0.59 m/s) and malignant (5.96 ± 2.96 m/s) masses. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the differentiation were 75.6%, 95.1%, and 85.6%, respectively. When the repeated non-numeric result X.XX of the SWV measurements was designated as an indicator of malignancy, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 63.4%, 100%, and 89.5%. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions— Virtual Touch tissue quantification can yield reproducible and quantitative diagnostic information on solid breast masses and serve as an effective diagnostic tool for differentiation between benign and malignant solid masses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Breast cancer is a serious health threat worldwide and also the number one killer of women in China. For successful management of breast cancer, early detection is the key. Sonography has a long-established role in the assessment of mammographic and palpable abnormalities in the breast. It has been proven useful to differentiate benign and malignant solid masses.&lt;br /&gt;In addition to conventional sonography, elastography is presently used to aid the differential diagnosis because it can yield information not only on the morphologic characteristics but also on the tissue elasticity of the masses. However, this technique has its own limitations: it is a qualitative evaluation method in which the acquisition of strain images requires external compression. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now, a new trend has arisen, which applies acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging to elastography. This technique requires no external compression and exploits short-duration acoustic radiation forces to generate localized tissue displacements. Such displacements can be tracked by sonographic correlation-based means and are related to the viscoelastic properties of local soft tissue. As such, ARFI imaging can enable qualitative visual and quantitative value measurements, and it has so far been used to delineate deep tissue structures via its viscoelastic characteristics in numerous applications.&lt;br /&gt;Recently, Virtual Touch tissue quantification (VTQ; Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA), which uses ARFI technology, has become available for diagnosis of superficial tissue lesions. However, to our knowledge, the diagnostic performance of this approach in solid breast masses has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical use of VTQ for differentiation between benign and malignant solid breast masses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patients&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee of Shanghai First People’s Hospital, and all participants signed informed consent forms before the study started. From January 2011 to May 2011, a total of 108 women (age range, 19–87 years; mean age, 44 years) participated in the study. All of the patients were recruited on the basis that they had been suspected to have solid breast masses based on conventional sonographic examinations. Among all of the patients, 83 had solitary masses, and 25 had multiple masses. When multiple masses were found, masses larger than 0.5 × 0.6 cm were evaluated. Hence, a total of 143 masses in the 108 patients constituted the sample. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conventional Sonography and VTQ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All sonographic examinations were performed by one of two radiologists, each of whom had no less than 11 years of experience in breast sonography and were also well trained in VTQ. Examinations of 30 masses were performed by both radiologists independently to evaluate the reproducibility of the VTQ results. Both the conventional sonographic and VTQ measurements were performed with an Acuson S2000 ultrasound system (Siemens Medical Solutions) using a linear 9-MHz multifrequency transducer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Virtual Touch tissue quantification tracks a shear wave in the region of interest that travels perpendicular to the direction of the acoustic push pulse and calculates the speed of the wave=10 m/s. The stiffer the tissue is, the greater the shear wave velocity (SWV) will be. In this way, VTQ can provide numeric values offering quantitative information on the tissue stiffness at a precise image-based anatomic location. At present, VTQ can be integrated into the Acuson S2000 system and performed with a conventional 9-MHz superficial transducer during a routine sonographic examination without any special preparations. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the study, conventional sonography was performed to scan the patient’s breast thoroughly before VTQ measurement. The maximum diameters of individual masses were measured. Planes of the maximum diameters were selected for VTQ measurement. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For VTQ measurement, the patient needed to lie in a position identical to the one for the conventional sonography examination. The transducer was gently applied together with a sufficient amount of contact gel to avoid generation of artifactual areas of stiffness radiating from the skin surface. After activating VTQ, the transducer was kept still, and the patient was asked to hold her breath during acquisition of the SWV. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-k1GaF2QzzZo/TylKLgbmWLI/AAAAAAAAE1U/vVHupROkqYo/s1600/VTI+breast+lesion+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="242" sda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-k1GaF2QzzZo/TylKLgbmWLI/AAAAAAAAE1U/vVHupROkqYo/s320/VTI+breast+lesion+2.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Region of interest completely within the mass and without thick calcifications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The VTQ region of interest was determined to be a rectangle with fixed dimensions of 0.5 × 0.6 cm. Three regions of interest were localized to 3 areas of the selected plane to evaluate the average rigidity of the whole mass. Each region of interest was placed completely within the mass and included no thick calcifications (Figure 1). The reference region of interest was placed in the normal breast tissue at the same depth and no less than 0.5 cm away from the mass. For each region of interest, the SWV was measured at least 3 times to acquire 3 valid values, and only consistently stable values were used in the analysis. Hence, 9 SWV values were obtained from an individual mass and 3 from the reference breast tissue. All of the SWV values for an individual mass or the reference breast tissue were averaged to produce a mean SWV. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Statistical Analysis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. A correlation coefficient was calculated by bivariate correlation analysis. The size of a mass, its SWV, and the SWV of the reference breast tissue were compared between the benign and malignant groups by the Mann–Whitney U test. The SWVs of the masses and reference breast tissue were compared by a paired samples t test. A receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to assess the clinical usefulness of the SWVs. All analyses were performed with SPSS version 11.0 software for Windows (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL), and 2-sided P&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; .05 was considered statistically significant. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A total of 108 women with 143 solid breast masses constituted the study group. The maximum diameters of the masses ranged from 0.8 to 4.1 cm (mean ± SD, 1.84 ± 0.63 cm). After resection, all masses were proven to be solid. Histopathologic analysis revealed 102 benign breast lesions and 41 breast carcinomas. Benign lesions consisted of fibroadenomas (n = 85), intraductal papillomas (n = 5), and adenosis (n = 12), and malignant lesions included invasive ductal carcinomas (n = 34), ductal carcinomas in situ (n = 5), a neuroendocrine carcinoma (n = 1), and a basal-like carcinoma (n = 1). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reproducibility&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The correlation between the VTQ-measured SWV results acquired by the two independent operators is shown in Figure 2. Its correlation coefficient was 0.885, indicating that these SWV measurements were reproducible. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Benign Lesions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The maximum diameters of the benign masses ranged from 0.8 to 3.5 cm (mean, 1.77 ± 0.56 cm). Numeric SWV values could be measured for all 102 masses and the reference breast tissue. The SWVs of the benign masses ranged from 1.27 to 4.88 m/s (mean, 2.25 ± 0.59 m/s), whereas those of the reference breast tissue ranged from 0.87 to 2.62 m/s (mean, 1.54 ± 0.36 m/s). There was a significant difference in the SWVs between the benign masses and reference breast tissue (P&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; .001). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Malignant Lesions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The maximum diameters of the malignant masses ranged from 0.8 to 4.1 cm (mean, 2.01 ± 0.75 cm). For 15 breast carcinomas (36.6%; 4 ductal carcinomas in situ and 11 invasive ductal carcinomas), numeric SWV values could be measured whereas for the remaining 26 (63.4%; 1 ductal carcinoma in situ, 1 neuroendocrine carcinoma, 1 basal-like carcinoma, and 23 invasive ductal carcinomas), all or part of the SWV measurements produced non-numeric results, which were all expressed as X.XX. It was known that the SWV values set by the system, representing the solid biological tissue values of all measurements, should be within the range of 0 to 9.10 m/s. In our study, X.XX measured in the solid target using a rigorous method was replaced by a value of 9.10, and in this way, the SWVs of the malignant masses were represented by a range of values from 1.17 to 9.10 m/s (mean, 5.96 ± 2.96 m/s). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contrarily, all SWVs of the reference breast tissue were numeric, ranging from 0.81 to 2.95 m/s (mean, 1.68 ± 0.54m/s). There was a significant difference in the SWVs between the malignant masses and reference breast tissue (P&amp;lt; .001). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Benign and Malignant Group Comparison&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A comparison of the sizes and SWVs between the benign and malignant groups is shown in Table 1. The SWVs of the malignant masses were significantly faster than those of the benign masses (P&amp;lt; .001; Figure 3). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-03ZQmQpi364/TylMnUwBqGI/AAAAAAAAE1k/B431pYGUh4E/s1600/VTI+F2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="242" sda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-03ZQmQpi364/TylMnUwBqGI/AAAAAAAAE1k/B431pYGUh4E/s320/VTI+F2.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 2. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Correlation between the shear wave velocity (SWV) results acquired by the two independent operators from the first 30 masses (r = 0.885). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NI0XdaEAxDk/TylKWyFMMhI/AAAAAAAAE1c/EwrcpHVPWxs/s1600/VTI+breast+lesion+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="374" sda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NI0XdaEAxDk/TylKWyFMMhI/AAAAAAAAE1c/EwrcpHVPWxs/s640/VTI+breast+lesion+3.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table 1. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comparison of the Sizes and Shear Wave Velocities in the Benign and Malignant Groups&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diagnostic Performance&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When the masses with all numeric SWV values were designated as benign lesions and those with non-numeric SWV values, totally or partially, expressed as X.XX, were designated as malignant lesions, the sensitivity of the differentiation between the benign and malignant lesions was 63.4%; specificity, 100%; positive predictive value, 100%; negative predictive value, 87.2%; and accuracy, 89.5%. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of SWVs for differentiation between the malignant and benign solid breast masses gave a cutoff value of 3.065 m/s. When the masses whose SWVs were less than 3.065 m/s were designated as benign lesions and the masses with SWVs of greater than 3.065 m/s were designated as malignant lesions, the sensitivity of the differentiation reached 75.6%, and the specificity, positive predictive value, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 95.1%, 85.6%, 86.1%, 90.7%, and 89.5%, respectively (Figures 4 and 5). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kqVTmFK3RyQ/TylMu9JuUlI/AAAAAAAAE1s/LuIcuaJBncI/s1600/VTI+F3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="259" sda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kqVTmFK3RyQ/TylMu9JuUlI/AAAAAAAAE1s/LuIcuaJBncI/s320/VTI+F3.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 3. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shear wave velocity (SWV) values for the benign and malignant masses. The boxes indicate the values from the lower to the upper quartiles (25th–75th percentiles); center lines, medians; whiskers, minimum to maximum values; and dot, extreme value. The square is an outlier. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among the 5 benign lesions whose SWVs were above the 3.065-m/s threshold, 2 fibroadenomas, 2 intraductal papillomas, and 1 adenosis were found, and for the 10 malignant lesions with SWVs below the 3.065-m/s threshold, 4 ductal carcinomas in situ and 6 invasive ductal carcinomas were found. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cJHvtVpse7E/TylM1paXxbI/AAAAAAAAE10/T0jRDXxw7O8/s1600/VTI+F4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="252" sda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cJHvtVpse7E/TylM1paXxbI/AAAAAAAAE10/T0jRDXxw7O8/s320/VTI+F4.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 4. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Receiver-operator characteristic curve of the shear wave velocity (SWV) that distinguishes malignant solid breast masses. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 75.6%, 95.1%, and 85.6%, respectively, when a cutoff value of 3.065 m/s was applied. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In recent years, there has been increasing interest in assessing tissue elastic properties by sonography. Elastography of soft tissue relies on the deformation generated by an imparted force on the target organ.This method is based on two major imaging techniques. The first is strain elasticity imaging, also called static elastography, including real-time tissue elastography (Hitachi Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan), eSie Touch (Siemens Medical Solutions), and elasticity imaging, among others; its implementation requires continuous transducer compression or external mechanical compression through the respiratory movements and cardiac pulsations. Its main drawback is that the compression cannot be quantified, and the site of compression cannot be restricted to the specific areas under investigation, leading to movement of the target and distortion of the measured results. The second type is acoustic stress elasticity imaging or dynamic elastography, including supersonic shear imaging and ARFI imaging, which applies a short-duration acoustic radiation force to the region of interest without producing movement of the whole target. Moreover, the acoustic radiation force can be quantified and yield quantitative information. This technique makes measured results less reliant on operator maneuvers. The advantages of this technique have been documented in other studies as well as ours.&lt;br /&gt;Breast static elastography has diagnostic performance similar to that of conventional sonography for differentiating benign and malignant breast masses, but its reliability can be hampered by interobserver variability.Because the observational indicators in our study were numeric values, such variability was unlikely to arise. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Distribution of shear wave velocity (SWV) values of benign and malignant masses. The dotted line represents the cutoff value of 3.065 m/s. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In our study, for 63.4% (26 of 41) of the breast carcinomas, all or part of the SWV measurements were nonnumeric values, expressed as X.XX. There could be two main reasons to account for the X.XX values: First, the method does not conform to the biomechanical testing standard, or shear waves cannot be generated and propagated in the target; ie, the signal does not meet the quality assurance setup in the system because of considerable movement of the target (eg, due to respiration) during sampling, rendering the results unreliable, or the target is simple fluid in which shear waves could not be generated and propagated. Second, the target is so hard that the results are beyond the solid biological tissue value of 9.10 m/s set by the system. Because of the fact that we adopted a rigorous method in our study (eg, during sampling, the probe was kept still, and the patients were required to hold their breath to attain reliable SWV measurements) and verified the solid masses by histologic examination, the first reason can well be excluded. The X.XX values were most likely due to the presence of abnormal tissue (eg, dense fibrous desmoplastic tissue); for this reason, our substitution of X.XX with a value of 9.10 m/s could be justified. This argument can be strengthened by the fact that the X.XX values did not appear in any benign masses (in the absence of any thick calcification) but were only shown in the malignant lesions, with specificity and a positive predictive value of 100% (26 of 26). Such results indicate the potential clinical value of VTQ in differentiating malignant masses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The results of this study showed that the SWVs of the benign masses were significantly faster than those of the reference breast tissue but slower than those of the malignant masses, implying that benign masses tend to be harder than normal breast tissue but softer than malignant masses, a result consistent with all previous findings. The malignant masses usually were very firm because of dense fibrous desmoplastic tissue. Our results have illustrated the clinical feasibility of using VTQ to quantitatively assess the relative stiffness of breast tissue. Furthermore, we have shown that SWV is indeed useful for differentiation between benign and malignant breast masses; in our study, an SWV value of greater than 3.065 m/s was indicative of malignancy. This finding not with standing, there was overlap. Five benign masses were recognized as malignant because their SWVs were above the 3.065-m/s threshold. Histopathologic examination showed that these 5 masses contained plentiful fibrous tissue, which might have contributed to the higher SWVs. On the other hand, 10 malignant masses were misdiagnosed as benign because their SWVs were below the 3.065-m/s threshold. Histopathologic examination revealed that these 10 masses were rich in epithelial cells and short of fibrous tissue, which might have accounted for the lower SWVs. It is also worthy of note that 80% (4 of 5) of the ductal carcinomas in situ had SWVs of less than 3.065 m/s, indicating that for detection of this specific type of malignancy, VTQ may be a less optimal approach. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The major limitations of applying VTQ in our study were the fixed box dimension of the target region of interest and its sensitivity to movement artifacts. In addition, our study was based on a relatively small number of malignant cases and types; to further confirm the benefits of VTQ, a larger sample size may be needed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In conclusion, VTQ can yield quantitative information on the tissue stiffness of solid breast masses in a reproducible way. With a cutoff SWV value of 3.065 m/s, we could accurately identify both benign and malignant solid masses. Moreover, all of the lesions with an SWV of X.XX were found to be malignant, suggesting that repeated X.XX values can serve as a malignancy indicator. Given these promising results, we propose the use of VTQ as an effective diagnostic tool for differentiating between benign and malignant solid breast masses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© 2012 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine&lt;br /&gt;-----------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;...&lt;br /&gt;Trong nghiên cứu của chúng tôi, có 63.4% (26/41) carcinomas vú, tất cả hay một phần của đo SWV là các giá trị không số (nonnumeric), biểu hiện như X.XX. Có thể có hai lý do chính cho các giá trị X.XX: trước tiên, phương pháp thử nghiệm chuẩn biomechanical không phù hợp, hoặc sóng biến dạng không thể được tạo ra và truyền trong mục tiêu; tức là, các tín hiệu không đáp ứng các thiết lập bảo đảm chất lượng trong máy&amp;nbsp; vì mục tiêu không chuyển động đáng kể (ví dụ như, nhờ sự hô hấp) trong thời gian lấy mẫu, kết xuất các kết quả không đáng tin cậy, hoặc mục tiêu là dịch đơn thuần nên sóng biến dạng có thể không được tạo ra và lan truyền. Thứ hai, mục tiêu quá cứng nên kết quả vượt quá giá trị rắn sinh học mô 9,10 m/s của máy. Vì thực tế chúng tôi đã thông qua một phương pháp nghiêm ngặt trong nghiên cứu (ví dụ như, trong khi lấy mẫu, đầu dò được giữ yên, và bệnh nhân được yêu cầu nín thở để có kết quả đo đạc SWV đáng tin cậy) và xét nghiệm mô bệnh học khối cứng, nên nguyên nhân đầu tiên cũng có thể được loại trừ. Các giá trị X.XX rất có thể do có mô bất thường (ví dụ như, nhiều mô sợi [desmoplastic]); vì lý do này, chúng tôi thay thế X.XX bằng giá trị 9,10 m/s có thể được chứng minh. Điều suy luận này được tăng cường bởi thực tế là giá trị X.XX đã không xuất hiện trong bất kỳ khối u lành tính nào (không có vôi hoá dày) mà chỉ xuất lộ trong các tổn thương ác tính, với độ đặc hiệu và giá trị tiên đoán dương là 100% (26 / 26 ca). Kết quả như vậy cho thấy giá trị tiềm năng lâm sàng của VTQ trong phân biệt các u ác tính.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kết quả của nghiên cứu này cho thấy rằng SWVs của u lành tính nhanh đáng kể hơn mô vú tham chiếu nhưng chậm hơn so với u ác tính, ngụ ý rằng u lành tính có xu hướng cứng hơn mô vú bình thường nhưng mềm hơn u ác tính, phù hợp với tất cả phát hiện trước đây. Bởi u ác tính thường rất chắc vì dày đặc mô xơ hoá. Kết quả của chúng tôi đã minh họa tính khả thi lâm sàng của sử dụng VTQ để đánh giá định lượng độ cứng tương đối của mô vú. Hơn nữa, chúng tôi đã chứng tỏ SWV thực sự giúp ích phân biệt giữa u vú lành tính và ác tính; trong nghiên cứu của chúng tôi, giá trị SWV lớn hơn 3.065 m/s được coi là ác tính. Dấu hiệu này chưa vững vì đã có trùng lặp (overlapping). Năm khối lành tính được nhận là ác tính bởi vì SWVs đã ở trên ngưỡng 3,065m/s. Kết quả mô bệnh học cho thấy 5 u này có nhiều mô xơ, có thể đã góp phần làm cho SWVs cao hơn. Mặt khác, 10 khối ác tính đã lầm là lành tính bởi vì SWVs dưới ngưỡng 3,065m/s. Kết quả mô bệnh học cho thấy 10 khối này có nhiều tế bào biểu mô và ít mô xơ, làm cho SWVs thấp hơn. Đáng lưu ý rằng 80% (4 / 5) của ductal carcinomas &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; có SWVs thấp hơn 3,065 m/s, chỉ ra rằng với đặc trưng của loại bệnh lý ác tính này, VTQ là cách tiếp cận ít tối ưu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Những hạn chế chủ yếu của việc áp dụng VTQ trong nghiên cứu của chúng tôi là &lt;strong&gt;kích thước cố định của ROI box &lt;/strong&gt;và độ nhạy với artifact do chuyển động. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu của chúng tôi chỉ có một số trường hợp ác tính tương đối ít và vài loại; nên để xác định lợi thế của VTQ, cần một kích thước mẫu lớn hơn.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tóm lại, VTQ cho thông tin định lượng về độ cứng khối vú đặc có tính lập lại. Với một giá trị &lt;strong&gt;SWV =3,065 m/s&lt;/strong&gt;, chúng tôi có thể xác định chính xác các u đặc cả lành tính và ác tính. Hơn nữa, với tất cả tổn thương ác tính có SWV =X.XXm/s, cho thấy rằng các giá trị X.XX lặp đi lặp lại có thể được &lt;strong&gt;xem như là chỉ báo ác tính&lt;/strong&gt;. Với kết quả đầy hứa hẹn, chúng tôi đề xuất việc sử dụng VTQ như một phương tiện chẩn đoán hiệu quả cho việc phân biệt u vú đặc lành tính và ác tính.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-814911126329982326?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/814911126329982326/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=814911126329982326' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/814911126329982326'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/814911126329982326'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/abstract-objectives-purpose-of-this.html' title='VTQ Using ARFI Technology of Solid Breast Masses'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mwPeqi3y7vs/TylJpzIFfkI/AAAAAAAAE1M/ywH48Vd3_jQ/s72-c/VTI+breast+lesion+1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-5304385785484229368</id><published>2012-02-01T05:55:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-01T05:55:04.891-08:00</updated><title type='text'>JUM February 2012 : Selected Abstracts</title><content type='html'>Selected Abstracts &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract 1 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mijung Jang, Sun Mi Kim, Chae Yeon Lyou, Byung Se Choi, Sang Il Choi, and Jae Hyoung Kim&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Differentiating Benign From Malignant Thyroid Nodules: Comparison of 2- and 3- Dimensional Sonography &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JUM February 2012 31:197-204&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AbstractFull ArticlePDF&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Original Research: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hyun Jin Jung, Soo Yeon Hahn, Hye-Young Choi, Sung Hee Park, and Heung Kyu Park&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Breast Sonographic Elastography Using an Advanced Breast Tissue-Specific Imaging Preset: Initial Clinical Results &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JUM February 2012 31:273-280&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AbstractFull ArticlePDF&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract 3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Original Research: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richard G. Barr, Stamatia Destounis, Logan B. Lackey II, William E. Svensson, Corinne Balleyguier, and Carmel Smith&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evaluation of Breast Lesions Using Sonographic Elasticity Imaging: A Multicenter Trial &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JUM February 2012 31:281-287&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AbstractFull ArticlePDF&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract 4&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Original Research: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Min Bai, Lianfang Du, Jiying Gu, Fan Li, and Xiao Jia&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification Using Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Technology: Initial Clinical Experience With Solid Breast Masses &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JUM February 2012 31:289-294&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AbstractFull ArticlePDF&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract 5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Technical Innovation: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;David P. Bahner, Daralee Hughes, and Nelson A. Royall&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I-AIM: A Novel Model for Teaching and Performing Focused Sonography &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JUM February 2012 31:295-300&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract 1 of 5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Differentiating Benign From Malignant Thyroid Nodules: Comparison of 2- and 3- Dimensional Sonography&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Objectives— To compare the diagnostic performance of radiologists and to determine interobserver and intraobserver variability with regard to differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules using prospectively obtained 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) sonograms. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methods— This study had Institutional Review Board approval, and the requirement for patient informed consent was waived. Conventional 2D and 3D sonograms were obtained from 82 patients (age range, 20–77 years; mean age, 51 years) with 91 thyroid nodules (15 cancers, 13 indeterminate, and 63 benign lesions) before diagnostic fine-needle aspiration. Three radiologists reviewed stored 2D and 3D images for internal content, shape, margin, echogenicity, echo texture, and the presence of calcification and estimated the level of suspicion as to the probability of malignancy according to known sonographic criteria. The diagnostic performance of 2D images was compared with that of 3D images. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results— For all readers, interpretation using 3D images was more sensitive and specific than that using 2D images for diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules, with the exception of specificity for reader 1. However, differences were not statistically significant (P &amp;gt; .05). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values were 0.83 for 2D images and 0.92 for 3D images for reader 1; 0.78 for 2D images and 0.89 for 3D images for reader 2; and 0.89 for 2D images and 0.93 for 3D images for reader 3. Interobserver agreement between the 3 radiologists for differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was better for 3D images (κ = 0.49) than for 2D images (κ = 0.15). Intraobserver variability for nodule descriptions and assessments using 3D and 2D images was fair to moderate. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion— The performance of radiologists and interobserver and intraobserver agreement for characterization of thyroid nodules were better when 3D sonograms were used than when 2D sonograms were used. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;nodule sonography thyroid&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© 2012 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract 2 of 5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Breast Sonographic Elastography Using an Advanced Breast Tissue-Specific Imaging Preset&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Initial Clinical Results&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Objectives— The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interpretation criteria, such as the size ratio, stain ratio, and elasticity score, and to assess the diagnostic performance of sonographic elastography by using an advanced breast tissue-specific imaging preset compared with that of conventional sonography for the differentiation of benign and malignant breast masses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methods— Conventional sonography and sonographic elastography with the tissue-specific imaging preset were performed in 104 patients (age range, 17–76 years; mean age, 47.7 years) with 110 breast lesions (67 benign and 43 malignant; mean size, 1.69 cm). The data from the interpretation criteria of sonographic elastography were obtained. The pathologic results from surgical excision or vacuum-assisted removal were used as a reference standard. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results— The values for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.959 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.902–0.987) for conventional sonography and 0.901 (95% CI, 0.829–0.949), 0.796 (95% CI, 0.708–0.866), and 0.787 (95% CI, 0.699–0.859) for the strain ratio, size ratio, and elasticity score, respectively. When a strain ratio cutoff point of 4.215 was used, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.0% and 85.1%. With a best cutoff point for conventional sonography between Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories 4A and 4B, the sensitivity and specificity were 93.0% and 83.6%. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions— The strain ratio showed the best diagnostic performance among the interpretation criteria for sonographic elastography with the tissue-specific imaging preset. The diagnostic performance was slightly higher for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories than for the strain ratio. However, there was no statistical significance (P = .052). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;breast neoplasms&amp;nbsp; sonographic elastography tissue characterization&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© 2012 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract 3 of 5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Evaluation of Breast Lesions Using Sonographic Elasticity Imaging, A Multicenter Trial&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Objectives— The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of real-time compression elasticity imaging in characterizing breast lesions as benign or malignant. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methods— A cohort of 578 women scheduled for sonographically guided biopsy of breast lesions were recruited from 6 sites under an Institutional Review Board–approved protocol. All participants received an elastogram, which displayed both the B-mode and elasticity images in real time. The longest dimensions of the lesion on the B-mode and elasticity imaging were measured. An elasticity imaging/B-mode ratio of at least 1.0 was considered positive for malignant lesions. The reference standard was based on biopsy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results— A total of 635 lesions were imaged and biopsied. There were 222 (35%) malignant or borderline lesions and 413 (65%) benign lesions. The benign lesions were either cystic (145 [35%]) or solid (268 [65%]). Of the 222 malignant lesions, 219 had an elasticity imaging/B-mode ratio of at least 1.0. Of the 413 benign lesions, 361 had an elasticity imaging/B-mode ratio less than 1.0. These results corresponded to overall sensitivity of 98.6% and overall specificity of 87.4%. Individual site sensitivities ranged from 96.7% to 100% whereas specificities ranged from 66.7% to 95.4%. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions— Elasticity imaging has high sensitivity in characterizing malignant lesions of the breast. Variability in specificity between sites and sonographers is possibly due to individual technique differences in performing elastography and measuring lesions. Further work in standardizing the technique is required. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;breast breast lesion characterization elastography&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© 2012 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract 4 of 5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification Using Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Technology&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Initial Clinical Experience With Solid Breast Masses&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Objectives— The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical usage of Virtual Touch tissue quantification (VTQ; Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) implementing sonographic acoustic radiation force impulse technology for differentiation between benign and malignant solid breast masses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methods— A total of 143 solid breast masses were examined with VTQ, and their shear wave velocities (SWVs) were measured. From all of the masses, 30 were examined by two independent operators to evaluate the reproducibility of the results of VTQ measurement. All masses were later surgically resected, and the histologic results were correlated with the SWV results. A receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to assess the diagnostic performance of VTQ. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results— A total of 102 benign lesions and 41 carcinomas were diagnosed on the basis of histologic examination. The VTQ measurements performed by the two independent operators yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.885. Applying a cutoff point of 3.065 m/s, a significant difference (P &amp;lt; .001) was found between the SWVs of the benign (mean ± SD, 2.25 ± 0.59 m/s) and malignant (5.96 ± 2.96 m/s) masses. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the differentiation were 75.6%, 95.1%, and 85.6%, respectively. When the repeated non-numeric result X.XX of the SWV measurements was designated as an indicator of malignancy, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 63.4%, 100%, and 89.5%. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions— Virtual Touch tissue quantification can yield reproducible and quantitative diagnostic information on solid breast masses and serve as an effective diagnostic tool for differentiation between benign and malignant solid masses. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;acoustic radiation force impulse imaging shear wave velocity solid breast massesVirtual Touch tissue quantification&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© 2012 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract 5 of 5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Technical Innovation&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I-AIM, A Novel Model for Teaching and Performing Focused Sonography&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This project was designed to use existing evidence in education and clinical quality improvement to design an educational and clinical model specific for physician-performed focused sonography. The I-AIM model (indication, acquisition, interpretation, and medical decision making) was created to serve as both a mnemonic and checklist. The model follows a stepwise logic for performing focused sonographic examinations and contains detailed subcomponent listings that cover specific areas to improve use and performance. Although validation and reliability studies will be required before implementation, the I-AIM model represents the first effort to standardize and improve clinical and educational focused-sonography. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;algorithm education pedagog ysonography teaching&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© 2012 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-5304385785484229368?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/5304385785484229368/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=5304385785484229368' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5304385785484229368'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5304385785484229368'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/02/jum-february-2012-selected-abstracts.html' title='JUM February 2012 : Selected Abstracts'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-1333779290427397339</id><published>2012-01-30T08:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-30T23:31:12.329-08:00</updated><title type='text'>XÂM LẤN NHĨ P DO U GAN P Ở BỆNH NHI NAM 8 TUỔI</title><content type='html'>NHÂN CA XÂM LẤN NHĨ P DO U GAN P Ở BÉ TRAI 8&amp;nbsp; TUỔI TẠI MEDIC, BS NGUYỄN THIỆN HÙNG, BS PHAN THANH HẢI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ngày 29/01/2012, khoa siêu âm Medic tiếp nhận 1 bé trai 8 tuổi từ miền trung với chẩn đoán u gan P. Siêu âm xác nhận chẩn đoán u gan P =7x9 cm của tuyến trước và ghi nhận thêm xâm lấn tĩnh mạch chủ bụng gần tim. Xét nghiệm Medic cho thấy bé nhiễm siêu vi viêm gan B với alpha-fetoprotein = 48.800IU/mL. MDCT bụng ngực sau đó phát hiện khối choán chỗ gần trọn tâm nhĩ P.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-V0gCcpHA_nI/TyeTt4C7aBI/AAAAAAAAE0s/jw9zp2F-DTE/s1600/nam+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-V0gCcpHA_nI/TyeTt4C7aBI/AAAAAAAAE0s/jw9zp2F-DTE/s320/nam+1.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4EJQJTvDHmE/TyeTy-7WFaI/AAAAAAAAE00/Aodip5q1qyM/s1600/nam+1b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4EJQJTvDHmE/TyeTy-7WFaI/AAAAAAAAE00/Aodip5q1qyM/s320/nam+1b.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;U gan P 7x9cm&amp;nbsp;ở&amp;nbsp;HPT 8, nhiều múi,&amp;nbsp;ít mạch máu,&amp;nbsp;độ&amp;nbsp;đàn hồi ARFI của u =1,97m/s (cứng) so với nền gan.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jUABpIVHrzU/TyeUnn3_IBI/AAAAAAAAE08/XQb71ELMUpc/s1600/nam+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jUABpIVHrzU/TyeUnn3_IBI/AAAAAAAAE08/XQb71ELMUpc/s320/nam+2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;U gan P lồi vào tĩnh mạch chủ dưới trên mặt cắt ngang=2x1,2cm. ARFI elastography với Virtual Touch Imaging (VTI) cho dạng nốt cứng (black), trong khi u gan còn lại cứng (black) so với nền gan. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MDCT bụng ngực sau đó phát hiện khối choán chỗ gần trọn tâm nhĩ P.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GdkMKX4-o4o/TyeYPxAaYKI/AAAAAAAAE1E/W9Jv33nOyPo/s1600/nam+CT.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="180" sda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GdkMKX4-o4o/TyeYPxAaYKI/AAAAAAAAE1E/W9Jv33nOyPo/s320/nam+CT.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sẽ phải làm gì cho em bé 8 tuổi này?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bài báo (2009) sau đây từ một ca hepatoblastoma ở trẻ 18 tháng xâm lấn nhĩ P.&lt;br /&gt;Sau 6 tuần hóa trị với cisplatin&amp;nbsp;và doxorubicin (PLADO, SIOPEL protocol), khối u tim P biến mất, bé được cắt u nguyên phát ở gan mà không phải phẫu thuật tim, AFP sau mổ giảm còn 4IU/mL (trước mổ, AFP= 175.000IU/mL).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U2QfPvfOfBY/TybISIdHkNI/AAAAAAAAE0k/Pgo00AqJdEQ/s1600/DICANTIM_hcc.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="179" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U2QfPvfOfBY/TybISIdHkNI/AAAAAAAAE0k/Pgo00AqJdEQ/s320/DICANTIM_hcc.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;HEPATOBLASTOMA METASTATIC TO THE RIGHT ATRIUM RESPONDING TO CHEMOTHERAPY ALONE,&amp;nbsp;November 2009, Vol. 26, No. 8 , Pages 583-588 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vural Kesik, MD Yilmaz Yozgat, MD Erkan Sari, MD Murat Kocaoğlu, MD Erol Kismet, MD and Vedat Koseoglu, MD, &lt;br /&gt;Ankara, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Department of Radiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, School of Medicine, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An 18-month-old boy presented with abdominal pain and distension. On physical examination there was a 10 × 7 cm mass in the right upper abdominal quadrant. His alpha-fetoprotein level was 175,000 IU/mL. Abdominal magnetic resonance findings revealed hepatomegaly with multiple tumor masses involving nearly all the segments of the liver. The tumor extended through the inferior vena cava and filled 2/3 of the right atrium. Echocardiography revealed normal cardiac function. Histopathologic findings after liver biopsy were consistent with hepatoblastoma. After 6 courses of chemotherapy including cisplatin and doxorubicin (PLADO, SIOPEL protocol), the cardiac tumor regressed completely. The patient's primary tumor was then fully resected; no cardiac surgery was performed. After surgery the AFP level was 4 IU/mL and echocardiography revealed normal cardiac function with no residual tumor. The patient has been in remission for 31 months postdiagnosis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keywords &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;cardiac invasion, children, hepatoblastoma&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-1333779290427397339?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/1333779290427397339/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=1333779290427397339' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1333779290427397339'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1333779290427397339'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/nhan-ca-xam-lan-nhi-p-do-u-gan-p.html' title='XÂM LẤN NHĨ P DO U GAN P Ở BỆNH NHI NAM 8 TUỔI'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-V0gCcpHA_nI/TyeTt4C7aBI/AAAAAAAAE0s/jw9zp2F-DTE/s72-c/nam+1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-5664506569329209191</id><published>2012-01-28T23:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-30T07:59:36.915-08:00</updated><title type='text'>NHÂN 5 CA U CARCINOID Ở TRUNG TÂM MEDIC</title><content type='html'>Siêu âm có thể phát hiện di căn gan, lách của u carcinoid ruột khi khám kiểm tra.&lt;br /&gt;Qua 5 trường hợp, siêu âm phát hiện di căn gan 2/5 ca, 1/5 ca di căn lách. Đó là những tổn thương echo kém, đường viền rõ, có ít&amp;nbsp; mạch máu tân sinh. Di căn gan của u carcinoid do siêu âm phát hiện đã được y văn công bố, nhưng chưa có thông tin nào về u carcinoid di căn lách và hạch cổ như&amp;nbsp;trong case series này.&lt;br /&gt;Ngoài ca thứ 5, 4 ca đầu do bs Nguyễn Trung Kiên (khoa Nội soi tiêu hoá Medic) chọn. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HJ8FGfmPqI4/TyT0l2Gyg6I/AAAAAAAAEys/LponZIgV3MM/s1600/Slide6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HJ8FGfmPqI4/TyT0l2Gyg6I/AAAAAAAAEys/LponZIgV3MM/s320/Slide6.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ig_gA6phdqQ/TyT0qAGy-WI/AAAAAAAAEy0/ufVUm7Wl5fA/s1600/Slide7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ig_gA6phdqQ/TyT0qAGy-WI/AAAAAAAAEy0/ufVUm7Wl5fA/s320/Slide7.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YyVs1xZA_6Q/TyT0tlivE0I/AAAAAAAAEy8/wohVz9p_9OU/s1600/Slide8.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YyVs1xZA_6Q/TyT0tlivE0I/AAAAAAAAEy8/wohVz9p_9OU/s320/Slide8.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9saQ3h-z6Ec/TyT0xulC0qI/AAAAAAAAEzE/1eOjcJgxQhQ/s1600/Slide9.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9saQ3h-z6Ec/TyT0xulC0qI/AAAAAAAAEzE/1eOjcJgxQhQ/s320/Slide9.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GuofUNKEhPI/Tya8xB0mIXI/AAAAAAAAE0U/2nDz42QVq78/s1600/Slide11.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GuofUNKEhPI/Tya8xB0mIXI/AAAAAAAAE0U/2nDz42QVq78/s320/Slide11.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-q_UG9n1CoH8/TyVDABGbGFI/AAAAAAAAE0M/lXr9aZC72ek/s1600/Liver+Metastases_Carcinoid+Tumor+-+MColey.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-q_UG9n1CoH8/TyVDABGbGFI/AAAAAAAAE0M/lXr9aZC72ek/s320/Liver+Metastases_Carcinoid+Tumor+-+MColey.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cPoioXdPYaA/TyT0-yX-r4I/AAAAAAAAEzU/eX-3OBUzSpo/s1600/Slide1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cPoioXdPYaA/TyT0-yX-r4I/AAAAAAAAEzU/eX-3OBUzSpo/s320/Slide1.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KvNKKCVweUc/TyT1CiUokSI/AAAAAAAAEzc/HEsbr9hTDMo/s1600/Slide2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KvNKKCVweUc/TyT1CiUokSI/AAAAAAAAEzc/HEsbr9hTDMo/s320/Slide2.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r4bAqQq8lIk/TyT1FtuueGI/AAAAAAAAEzk/mn16B3SUvVc/s1600/Slide3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r4bAqQq8lIk/TyT1FtuueGI/AAAAAAAAEzk/mn16B3SUvVc/s320/Slide3.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mUir7SWy1nw/TyT1ZZ2VUSI/AAAAAAAAEz0/GNs5LM1nJB4/s1600/Slide4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mUir7SWy1nw/TyT1ZZ2VUSI/AAAAAAAAEz0/GNs5LM1nJB4/s320/Slide4.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZZZV9SEoG8k/TyT17PTQoCI/AAAAAAAAE0E/1t2_hk_Yyfc/s1600/Slide12.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZZZV9SEoG8k/TyT17PTQoCI/AAAAAAAAE0E/1t2_hk_Yyfc/s320/Slide12.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Y5chpRWvkxs/TyT1KytyMeI/AAAAAAAAEzs/IzCVeI_Kjnc/s1600/Slide13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Y5chpRWvkxs/TyT1KytyMeI/AAAAAAAAEzs/IzCVeI_Kjnc/s320/Slide13.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yljYW0dbQug/TyT1mKt1cwI/AAAAAAAAEz8/0BB62GOZPfM/s1600/Slide5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yljYW0dbQug/TyT1mKt1cwI/AAAAAAAAEz8/0BB62GOZPfM/s320/Slide5.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-5664506569329209191?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/5664506569329209191/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=5664506569329209191' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5664506569329209191'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5664506569329209191'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/nhan-5-ca-u-carcinoid-o-trung-tam-medic.html' title='NHÂN 5 CA U CARCINOID Ở TRUNG TÂM MEDIC'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HJ8FGfmPqI4/TyT0l2Gyg6I/AAAAAAAAEys/LponZIgV3MM/s72-c/Slide6.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-1693779396802183416</id><published>2012-01-27T07:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-28T05:35:04.471-08:00</updated><title type='text'>LAO VÚ và VIÊM VÚ DO LAO</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JqRNnnL3_BY/TyLB8OHExjI/AAAAAAAAExM/zm17DU2BWx0/s1600/ara_large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="51" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JqRNnnL3_BY/TyLB8OHExjI/AAAAAAAAExM/zm17DU2BWx0/s400/ara_large.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1K1qMTVdSYs/TyLBvSnh0UI/AAAAAAAAExA/oo3nZvodOkk/s1600/TB+BREAST+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1K1qMTVdSYs/TyLBvSnh0UI/AAAAAAAAExA/oo3nZvodOkk/s400/TB+BREAST+1.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tuberculosis (TB) of the breast is a rare disease despite the fact that TB affects one to two billion people worldwide.TB is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium, predominantly &lt;em&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/em&gt;. In 1829, TB of the breast was first described by Sir Ashley Cooper as ‘scrofulous swellings in the bosom’ of young women suffering from enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes.&lt;br /&gt;TB remains a major problem in many parts of the world. It is more common in undeveloped countries but is re-emerging in the West. The globalisation of TB is related to the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the emergence of multi-medication-resistant strains of TB and the increased movement of people (travel and immigration). Until recently, most cases of TB of the breast have been reported in South Africa and India. However, even in endemic areas, TB of the breast has not been commonly reported. It has, in fact, been described as ‘rare’.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From 2002 to 2008, 21 patients were identified that met the criteria for the study. The age range was from 27 to 74 years, with a mean age of 40 years. Ninety-five percent were female. All the cases except one had unilateral disease. The right breast was involved in 57% of the patients. Seventy-one percent complained of palpable axillary nodes. Fifty-two percent of the patients complained of diffuse breast swelling. Only one patient presented with a discharging sinus. Upon clinical examination, 80% had palpable axillary lymph nodes. Thirty-eight percent had a palpable breast mass, including the male patient who had a chest mass that extended to involve the breast. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ultrasound was performed in all the patients. &lt;strong&gt;Enlarged axillary lymph nodes&lt;/strong&gt; and an &lt;strong&gt;oedematous breast&lt;/strong&gt; were the most common findings on ultrasound. Eighty percent of the patients had enlarged axillary lymph nodes on ultrasound. The axillary lymph nodes that were positive for TB or ‘suspicious for TB’ varied in size in short axis diameter from 10 to 41 mm. Absence of the normal fatty hilum or cortical thickening was present. The shape of the nodes ranged from oval to round. Sixty-two percent of the patients had an oedematous breast on ultrasound. The ultrasound features of an oedematous breast include&lt;strong&gt; increased echogenicity of the parenchyma &lt;/strong&gt;and &lt;strong&gt;dilated lymphatics&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Skin thickening&lt;/strong&gt; could be appreciated in these patients on ultrasound.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The intramammary masses varied in appearance on ultrasound. Unilocular abscess formation was noted in three (14%) patients. Two (10%) patients had well-defined, smoothly marginated nodules that were hypoechoic to isoechoic on ultrasound. Both of these patients also had enlarged ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. In these two patients, both the axilla and the breast were subject to FNA and both results were ‘suspicious for TB’. In the two patients (10%), multiple, complex intercommunicating collections were present in the breast.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patients above 35 years of age were selected for mammography and this was performed in 10 patients (48%). One 38-year-old patient was incorrectly not assessed mammographically. Forty percent of the mammograms had a diffuse increase in density in the affected breast when compared with the normal breast. A focal increase in density was seen in 40% of the mammograms. Coarsened trabecular markings were noted to be diffuse in 40% and focal in 20%. Forty percent of the mammograms revealed diffuse skin thickening. Seventy percent of the patients had enlarged axillary lymph nodes visible on mammography. An intramammary mass was present in 40% of the mammograms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All the patients in the study were subjected to ultrasound-guided FNA of the breast mass and/or an axillary lymph node. The male patient with the chest wall mass had a single-core biopsy in addition to the FNA. The number of passes for the FNA ranged from one to three per lesion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fifteen patients underwent FNA of axillary lymph nodes. Of these 15 patients, nine were confirmed for TB (60%) and six (40%) were suspicious for TB. The seven intramammary FNA results showed five (71%) to be positive for TB and two (29%) to be suspicious for TB. The one chest wall mass was positive for acid fast bacilli.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QgCB07kLS1Y/TyLCzw1myNI/AAAAAAAAExU/CqXDuh7dm6Q/s1600/TB+BREAST+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="261" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QgCB07kLS1Y/TyLCzw1myNI/AAAAAAAAExU/CqXDuh7dm6Q/s320/TB+BREAST+2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The results were obtained with TB BACTEC culture or Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Thirteen were positive on TB BACTEC culture and two were positive on Ziehl–Nielsen staining only for acid fast bacilli. Three were positive on both BACTEC culture and Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Five were ‘morphologically highly suspicious for TB’. The mean number of days to diagnosis with BACTEC culture was 27 ± 12.5 days. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TB accounts for less than 0.1% of all breast lesions in Western countries and approximately 4% of all breast lesions in TB endemic countries. Mammary tissue appears to provide a relatively infertile environment for the survival and multiplication of the TB bacilli. &amp;nbsp;The relative lack of lymphoid tissue within the breast may be in part responsible for this. The significance of TB of the breast lies in recognising the disease entity as it can mimic breast cancer or pyogenic breast abscess.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The disease is very rare in males (4% of cases), which was confirmed in our study where only one patient (5%) was male. Females tend to present in the reproductive years (20–40 years) of age. In our study, there was a mean age of 40 years. The frequent changes the breast undergoes in this period may make the breast more liable to trauma and infection. In pregnant and lactating females, the ducts are dilated and there is increased vascularity of the breast. The breast is also more predisposed to trauma and infection.&lt;br /&gt;The disease is reported to be bilateral in only 3% of cases. Similarly in our study, only one case (5%) was bilateral. Different series demonstrate predominance of the left breast &amp;nbsp;or of the right breast. Fifty-seven percent of our series involved the right breast.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The risk factors for TB of the breast appear to be related to AIDS, multiparity, lactation, previous suppurative mastitis and trauma. In the setting of our study, HIV is a major risk factor. A study at this hospital in 2006 found the level of concurrent TB and HIV co-infection to be 95%. The incidence of HIV in this series is not known and can only be inferred from the data of the 2006 study.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tuberculous mastitis&lt;/strong&gt; (TBM) is classified as primary or secondary. Primary TBM is extremely uncommon and is confined only to the breast. Secondary TBM is seen when there is coexisting TB elsewhere in the body. However, an extramammary source is identified in less than 15% of cases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The routes of infection include the following: lymphatic, haematogenous, spread from contiguous structures, direct inoculation and ductal infection.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Centripetal lymphatic spread is the most accepted view for spread of infection. Here, the spread of disease from the lungs to the breast can be traced via tracheobronchial, paratrachael, mediastinal and internal mammary nodes. According to Cooper's theory, communication between the axillary glands and the breast results in secondary involvement of the breast by retrograde lymphatic extension. In 50–75% of cases of TBM, axillary lymph node involvement was present, lending support to this hypothesis.Our series would support this view with the most common presentation being that of enlarged axillary lymph nodes in 71% of the patients ( Figs 2,3).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Tuut9XcGRIY/TyLD1hAUHbI/AAAAAAAAExc/1aBpqrlwD1c/s1600/TB+BREAST+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Tuut9XcGRIY/TyLD1hAUHbI/AAAAAAAAExc/1aBpqrlwD1c/s320/TB+BREAST+3.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 2. Right mediolateral oblique mammogram. The axillary lymph nodes are infiltrated with TB. The skin is thickened and the breast is oedematous secondary to the axillary adenopathy.&lt;br /&gt;Figure 3. Normal left mediolateral oblique mammogram for comparison.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Breast tissue appears to be resistant to haematogenous spread of TB. &amp;nbsp;In an autopsy series of 34 patients who had died of miliary TB, TB was demonstrated in almost all organs except the breast.&lt;br /&gt;Direct extension of TB from contiguous structures such as infected rib, costochondral cartilage, sternum, shoulder joint, pleura or skin can occur occasionally. The one male patient in our series presented in this manner with extension of TB from the chest wall into the breast.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TB of the faucial tonsils of suckling infants may spread to the lactiferous sinus of the breast resulting in primary TBM. This is not an important mode of spread in developed countries.&lt;br /&gt;Clinical presentation is commonly a painless lump, which is usually ill-defined and irregular. It may be a hard mass, clinically indistinguishable from a cancerous mass. The upper outer quadrant is the most common site. There may be oedema of the breast with extensive involvement of the axillary lymph nodes. Fistulous tracts and breast abscesses may occur. In our series, the incidence of fistulous tracts was only 5%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TB of the breast has been classified into three main types:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nodular&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The nodular form is slow growing. If immunity is good and there is low virulence of the organism, the inflammatory process is limited to the formation of a non-caseating granuloma producing a &lt;em&gt;well-defined, smoothly marginated nodule&lt;/em&gt;. Macrocalcification may be associated with this nodule. Thickening of the surrounding breast parenchyma and Cooper's ligaments is minimal. Ultrasound features of this type of TBM &lt;em&gt;resemble a fibroadenoma&lt;/em&gt; in that they are well-defined hypoechoic masses with posterior acoustic enhancement (see Fig. 4).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 4. Ultrasound breast demonstrating an isoechoic nodule. This is the nodular form of TB of the breast.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2w_BT2vFIEM/TyLEQCpfTWI/AAAAAAAAExk/vq7AEWK3lOo/s1600/TB+BREAST+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2w_BT2vFIEM/TyLEQCpfTWI/AAAAAAAAExk/vq7AEWK3lOo/s320/TB+BREAST+4.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If there is abscess formation, perilesional oedema or scarring, the nodule is irregular in outline &lt;em&gt;mimicking a cancer&lt;/em&gt;. In our series, 14% of the patients presented with intramammary collections in keeping with unilocular abscess formation (see Figs 5,6).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 5. Ultrasound of a TB of the breast abscess.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-j4YUAxpWrzQ/TyLEclHqoBI/AAAAAAAAExs/fpldHcdQmo8/s1600/TB+BREAST+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="254" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-j4YUAxpWrzQ/TyLEclHqoBI/AAAAAAAAExs/fpldHcdQmo8/s320/TB+BREAST+5.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 6. Ultrasound of a hypoechoic TB collection of the breast.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tGWmDGSGFXM/TyLEjZmFhlI/AAAAAAAAEx0/v2yR6yzLaeo/s1600/TB+BREAST+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="198" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tGWmDGSGFXM/TyLEjZmFhlI/AAAAAAAAEx0/v2yR6yzLaeo/s320/TB+BREAST+6.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this study, five patients were classified as nodular TB of the breast. This is 24% of the patients studied. Two of the five patients presented with well-defined, smoothly marginated nodules within the breast, accounting for 10% of the study group. The remaining three (14% of the study) had unilocular abscess formation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Disseminated&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The diffuse form is seen with more virulent infection and poor immune response. In this form, multiple foci of TB intercommunicate and develop into abscesses. Irregular margins with skin thickening are noted in the diffuse form. On mammography, the centre of the lesion is less dense than the periphery due to fluid breakdown centrally. The imaging findings may &lt;em&gt;mimic an inflammatory cancer with skin thickening&lt;/em&gt;. On ultrasound, the abscess is characterised by a heterogeneous, hypoechoic mass with irregular margins and posterior acoustic enhancement. The presence of mobile internal echoes is highly suggestive of abscess formation.&lt;br /&gt;Two of our patients (10%) had multiple intercommunicating abscesses. These were seen as multiple complicated interconnecting collections with surrounding oedema, which was demonstrated both mammographically and with ultrasound.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sclerosing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fibrosis is the dominant feature of the sclerosing form. Mammographic features vary according to the degree of fibrosis present producing two main features on mammography. The breast becomes denser as fibrosis develops and is more localised to the involved quadrant. In addition, as the Cooper's ligaments become involved by the fibrotic process, there is retraction and atrophy of the breast. The &lt;em&gt;atrophy of the breast is a distinguishing feature from malignancy&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;The reticular scarring and interlobular oedema may obscure an underlying mass mammographically and for this reason ultrasound is important to assess the breast further.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No patients in this study were classified as sclerosing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Further imaging findings, not falling into the above classification, have been described. These include &lt;strong&gt;ductal involvement &lt;/strong&gt;occurring secondary to direct inoculation of the organism into their ostia. Retroareolar linear densities are seen mammographically, and on ultrasound there are &lt;strong&gt;dilated debris filled ducts&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Healed granuloma appears as calcifications on mammography. The calcifications are predominantly &lt;strong&gt;microcalcifications&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Skin changes&lt;/strong&gt; may be evident mammographically. The skin may be oedematous and thickened. A sinus tract may be evident as a localised area of skin thickening and a bulge in the contour of the skin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Intramammary or extramammary lymph node enlargement&lt;/strong&gt; may also be visible on imaging. In previous reports, the lymph nodes maintain benign features, i.e. are 1 cm long in the short axis, retain the sinus fat lucency and have oval shape. In contrast, our series reveals the lymph nodes to have a pathological appearance with loss of the normal fatty hilum and enlargement up to 41 mm in short axis. Ultrasound is sensitive in detecting and characterising axillary lymph nodes (see Fig. 7).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 7. Ultrasound of an axillary lymph node that is infiltrated by TB. The node is enlarged, rounded and has lost the fatty hilum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zFTtUEuEVfY/TyLE66LokdI/AAAAAAAAEx8/AuE6_UgRXfw/s1600/TB+BREAST+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zFTtUEuEVfY/TyLE66LokdI/AAAAAAAAEx8/AuE6_UgRXfw/s400/TB+BREAST+7.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this study, the predominant presenting feature was that of enlarged axillary lymph nodes with associated skin thickening and diffused oedema of the breast. In this group, this is the most common presentation and distinguishes this study from other studies of TB of the breast (see Table 4).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9IO10VSgk2A/TyLFAzndfVI/AAAAAAAAEyE/nryMrTQMckA/s1600/TB+BREAST+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="225" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9IO10VSgk2A/TyLFAzndfVI/AAAAAAAAEyE/nryMrTQMckA/s640/TB+BREAST+8.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The role of ultrasound is that of a &lt;strong&gt;complimentary modality&lt;/strong&gt; to the mammogram. In suspected TB of the breast, ultrasound should be performed. The value of ultrasound is in its ability to &lt;em&gt;differentiate solid from cystic lesions&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;identifying nodules&lt;/em&gt; masked by the coarse stroma and &lt;em&gt;assessing the lymph node status&lt;/em&gt;. Ultrasound is also the &lt;em&gt;means for biopsy&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;percutaneous abscess drainage&lt;/em&gt; and may add information when &lt;em&gt;excluding malignancy&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A four-limb strategy of &lt;strong&gt;clinical assessment&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;mammography&lt;/strong&gt; (patients in this study over the age of 35 years were selected for mammography), &lt;strong&gt;ultrasound&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;FNA&lt;/strong&gt; is required to make the diagnosis.&lt;br /&gt;Imaging with MRI has not been extensively used in TBM. A breast abscess will demonstrate a ring-like bright signal intensity on T2-weighted images. In post-gadolinium, there is a non-specific enhancement seen in abscesses and cancers. The value of MRI is in determining the extramammary extent of the disease.&lt;br /&gt;Treatment of TB associated breast disease at this institute follows the 2009 South African National TB guidelines. The recommendation is the same regimen for extra-pulmonary TB (TB of the breast) as for pulmonary TB.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The standard treatment regimen for patients who have never had TB is a 2-month intensive phase with four medications (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol), which results in rapid killing of bacilli. The subsequent 4-month continuation phase with two medications (isoniazid and rifampicin) eliminates the remaining bacilli.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patients who received previous TB treatment for at least 4 weeks have a higher risk of medication resistance and receive an extended regimen. The intensive phase lasts 3 months with the addition of a fifth medication, the injectable streptomycin to the standard four medications for the first 2 months. The continuation phase with three medications (isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol) lasts 5 months.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In summary, TB patients receive fixed dose combinations of between two and five medications for 6–8 months depending on the stage of therapy and whether they have previously been treated for TB.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TB of the breast is an &lt;em&gt;uncommon&lt;/em&gt; disease even in endemic countries; however, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of breast pathology as it may mimic &lt;strong&gt;inflammatory breast cancer&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;pyogenic abscess&lt;/strong&gt;. The most common presentation in this series is that of a &lt;em&gt;swollen oedematous breast&lt;/em&gt; secondary to &lt;em&gt;enlarged axillary lymph nodes&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;FNA of the enlarged axillary lymph nodes and/or breast mass with confirmation of TB on Ziehl–Neelsen staining or BACTEC culture&lt;/strong&gt; is required for the diagnosis of this uncommon disease.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BÀN LUẬN VỀ CHẨN ĐOÁN LAO VÚ TẠI MEDIC:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1/ Chẩn đoán dựa vào siêu âm trước tiên (90%, do đó là chủ yếu), nhũ ảnh, sinh thiết (phần lớn lao vú chỉ được chẩn đoán chính xác bằng mô học với các tổn thương mô hạt (granulomatous), hoại tử bã đậu (caseum), đại bào Langhans) và nhuộm trực khuẩn kháng acid bằng phương pháp Ziehl-Neelsen (tỉ lệ dương tính thường thấp).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Các phương tiện hình ảnh học khác ngoài siêu âm chỉ giúp xác định bệnh lan rộng, có tính cách định hướng và phân biệt (hơn là để chẩn đóan). Tuy nhiên nhũ ảnh khó phân biệt giữa ác tính và lao vú.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2/ Thường gặp nhất là thể lan toả. Thể xơ teo (sclerosing) và carcinoma kết hợp với lao vú chưa gặp bao giờ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_obetDPj_gM/TyOQrZPuPVI/AAAAAAAAEyQ/GQeN0JaQWpI/s1600/disseminating_e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_obetDPj_gM/TyOQrZPuPVI/AAAAAAAAEyQ/GQeN0JaQWpI/s320/disseminating_e.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-83M_zX0YUFU/TyOQ61w0-YI/AAAAAAAAEyY/h3xaS78NKHA/s1600/nodular_e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-83M_zX0YUFU/TyOQ61w0-YI/AAAAAAAAEyY/h3xaS78NKHA/s320/nodular_e.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZwkQaiJG-zU/TyORBW6WT_I/AAAAAAAAEyg/eBWK3SpvAlI/s1600/sclerosing_e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZwkQaiJG-zU/TyORBW6WT_I/AAAAAAAAEyg/eBWK3SpvAlI/s320/sclerosing_e.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hình 3 thể lao vú: thể lan toả, thể nốt và thể xơ teo (Hình của bs Nguyễn Duy Thư, Lao vú và CĐHA)&amp;nbsp; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3/ Với siêu âm đàn hồi Shear Wave Elastography: Dùng elastography để bổ sung chẩn đoán phân biệt trong tạo hình siêu âm về lao vú (và ung thư vú).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Khối lao vú có đặc điểm rất cứng ở viền ngoại biên, độ đàn hồi E= &amp;gt;120kPa (đỏ), vùng trung tâm mềm, không đồng nhất, có vùng có độ đàn hồi E= 60kPa (xanh hoặc không có tín hiệu). Còn trong ung thư mô mềm có vùng hoại tử thì ngược lại: bản đồ màu thiên về màu đỏ (cứng) và dàn đều từ ngoài vào trong. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Đặc điểm elastogram trên giúp chọn vị trí sinh thiết, nên chọn những vị trí màu đỏ (cứng), vì nếu sinh thiết nhầm vào chỗ màu xanh (mềm) hoặc mất tín hiệu (vì hoại tử) thì sẽ có kết quả âm tính giả. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-1693779396802183416?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/1693779396802183416/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=1693779396802183416' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1693779396802183416'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1693779396802183416'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/lao-vu.html' title='LAO VÚ và VIÊM VÚ DO LAO'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JqRNnnL3_BY/TyLB8OHExjI/AAAAAAAAExM/zm17DU2BWx0/s72-c/ara_large.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-682305295572808211</id><published>2012-01-25T20:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-03T23:56:28.640-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SEVERITY of CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME and COLOR DOPPLER FINDINGS</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KvP48dYdogM/TyDXATZzMtI/AAAAAAAAEwk/VWGIm3HbfgM/s1600/carpal+tunnel.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="155" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KvP48dYdogM/TyDXATZzMtI/AAAAAAAAEwk/VWGIm3HbfgM/s320/carpal+tunnel.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5qyuRWyixWE/TyIKfoRDGQI/AAAAAAAAEws/tKYKSKQiHWw/s1600/CTS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5qyuRWyixWE/TyIKfoRDGQI/AAAAAAAAEws/tKYKSKQiHWw/s320/CTS.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;TÓM TẮT:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MỤC TIÊU. Hội chứng ống cổ tay (carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS) là một trong những bệnh l‎í bẫy thần kinh (entrapment mononeuropathies) ngoại biên phổ biến nhất. Mục đích nghiên cứu là để đánh giá tương quan tiềm tàng giữa tăng tưới máu trong dây thần kinh, siết mạc giữ gân gấp (flexor retinaculum bowing), và tiết diện dây thần kinh giữa và mức độ nghiêm trọng của CTS trong các trường hợp được khảo sát dẫn truyền thần kinh xác nhận.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ĐỐI TƯỢNG VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP. Gồm 60 bệnh nhân với triệu chứng kinh điển hay có thể xảy ra các triệu chứng của CTS trong nghiên cứu. Một nhóm chứng gồm 27 tình nguyện viên lành mạnh chưa bao giờ được chẩn đoán CTS hoặc có bất kỳ triệu chứng của CTS được chọn trong số nhân viên của viện. Tất cả bệnh nhân có triệu chứng được kiểm tra ban đầu bởi một bác sĩ phẫu thuật bàn tay và sau đó khám siêu âm và điện sinh l‎í.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QkGwHsySVIk/TyzkgrmS1AI/AAAAAAAAE38/oin9q8falrc/s1600/CTS+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="229" sda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QkGwHsySVIk/TyzkgrmS1AI/AAAAAAAAE38/oin9q8falrc/s320/CTS+1.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QSmwgjC9pJg/Tyzkl_Dp2PI/AAAAAAAAE4E/wE8oEeOCwsU/s1600/CTS+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="229" sda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QSmwgjC9pJg/Tyzkl_Dp2PI/AAAAAAAAE4E/wE8oEeOCwsU/s320/CTS+2.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KẾT QUẢ. Gồm 90 cổ tay (ở 60 bệnh nhân) trong nghiên cứu. Hai mươi tám ca (31,1%) có CTS nhẹ, ca 33 bệnh trung bình và 29 ca có bệnh nặng. Chúng tôi phát hiện thấy tương quan đáng kể giữa tăng tưới máu thần kinh giữa và mức độ nặng của CTS (p = 0,01, hồi quy logistic) cho CTS trung bình và (p = 0,04) ở bệnh nặng. Chúng tôi cũng tìm thấy tương quan đáng kể trong flexor retinaculum bowing và tiết diện dây thần kinh giữa với sự gia tăng mức độ nặng của CTS (p &amp;lt;0,001 và &amp;lt; 0,008; test chi-bình phương và phân tích đa biến).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KẾT LUẬN. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi cho thấy độ nặng của CTS tương quan mạnh với những phát hiện siêu âm Doppler màu, và kỹ thuật này có thể là một công cụ bổ sung đáng tin cậy trong khám hội chứng ống cổ tay (CTS) .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;﻿&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-682305295572808211?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/682305295572808211/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=682305295572808211' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/682305295572808211'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/682305295572808211'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/severity-of-carpal-tunnel-syndrome-and.html' title='SEVERITY of CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME and COLOR DOPPLER FINDINGS'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KvP48dYdogM/TyDXATZzMtI/AAAAAAAAEwk/VWGIm3HbfgM/s72-c/carpal+tunnel.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-4511709952520009634</id><published>2012-01-25T20:29:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-25T20:29:53.378-08:00</updated><title type='text'>PAPILLARY LESIONS of the BREAST</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2YwEcjgACIo/TyDWRhGE9MI/AAAAAAAAEwc/oQM27kUfVeI/s1600/breast.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="155" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2YwEcjgACIo/TyDWRhGE9MI/AAAAAAAAEwc/oQM27kUfVeI/s320/breast.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe the different imaging appearances of benign and malignant papillary lesions of the breast as well as to point out potential errors of interpretation that can lead to misdiagnosis. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• CONCLUSION. There is a wide spectrum of appearances of papillary lesions of the breast on MRI, ultrasound, and mammography. This variable appearance of papillary lesions makes differentiation of benign from malignant pathologies difficult on imaging, and tissue sampling is usually warranted. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-4511709952520009634?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/4511709952520009634/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=4511709952520009634' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/4511709952520009634'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/4511709952520009634'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/papillary-lesions-of-breast.html' title='PAPILLARY LESIONS of the BREAST'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2YwEcjgACIo/TyDWRhGE9MI/AAAAAAAAEwc/oQM27kUfVeI/s72-c/breast.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-3431804664535425266</id><published>2012-01-25T20:25:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-03T21:03:32.901-08:00</updated><title type='text'>COMPRESSIBILITY of THYROID MASSES</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-m1WQUTC3HSE/TyDVcIZIe0I/AAAAAAAAEwU/v_HcC-AIs6k/s1600/thyroid.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="193" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-m1WQUTC3HSE/TyDVcIZIe0I/AAAAAAAAEwU/v_HcC-AIs6k/s400/thyroid.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-En2kG-VmXlA/TyILabaualI/AAAAAAAAEw0/3FB7zirRnT8/s1600/thyroid.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" gda="true" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-En2kG-VmXlA/TyILabaualI/AAAAAAAAEw0/3FB7zirRnT8/s400/thyroid.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tóm tắt &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MỤC TIÊU : Nhằm đánh giá ấn khối tuyến giáp với đầu dò siêu âm bằng tay và để xác định liệu tính năng siêu âm này có thể được sử dụng để phân biệt tổn thương tuyến giáp lành tính với ác tính không.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ĐỐI TƯỢNG VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP. Chúng tôi so sánh tiền cứu hình ảnh thu được khi ấn với đầu dò siêu âm và hình ảnh siêu âm không ấn của 180 khối tuyến giáp bệnh l‎‎‎‎í (51 ác tính, 129 lành tính) nhỏ hơn&amp;nbsp;2 cm ở 169 bệnh nhân (127 nữ, 42 nam; tuổi bình quân 51,2 năm). Kích thước (chiều trước sau và chiều ngang) và dạng (tỷ lệ kích thước trước sau - ngang) của các tổn thương đã được đo bằng cả hai tạo hình siêu âm không ấn và có ấn tại một máy tính trạm, và tính độ ấn (tỷ lệ trước sau-ngang của tạo hình không ấn trừ đi tỷ lệ trước sau-ngang trên hình có ấn). Độ ấn được phân tích để xác định mức kết hợp với kết quả mô bệnh học (lành tính so với ác tính) và các đặc tính của các khối tuyến giáp (thùy nào, vị trí thùy, halo, và thành phần). Khu vực dưới đường cong đặc trưng hoạt động nhận (AUROC) được sử dụng như là một chỉ báo về hiệu suất.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-p3hQTCtR5hw/Tyy7j9JMZ0I/AAAAAAAAE3c/It7ZbTT7sIY/s1600/thyroid+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="136" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-p3hQTCtR5hw/Tyy7j9JMZ0I/AAAAAAAAE3c/It7ZbTT7sIY/s320/thyroid+1.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_H6fMzNIEt8/Tyy7p0eYmDI/AAAAAAAAE3k/8hxx3JV4dyM/s1600/thyroid+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="144" sda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_H6fMzNIEt8/Tyy7p0eYmDI/AAAAAAAAE3k/8hxx3JV4dyM/s320/thyroid+2.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KẾT QUẢ. Tỷ lệ bình quân trước sau-ngang của khối tuyến giáp trên hình siêu âm có ấn thấp hơn có ý nghĩa đáng kể so với hình không ấn (0,78 ± 0,28 vs 0,92 ± 0,30; p&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; 0,001). Độ ấn của khối lành tính lớn hơn tổn thương ác tính (0,19 ± 0,16 vs 0,05 ± 0,12; p&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt; 0,001). Không có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa các kết hợp được xác định giữa độ ấn với các đặc tính khác của tổn thương. AUROC cho ấn khối tuyến giáp là 0,78. Với giá trị ngưỡng độ ấn nhỏ hơn 0,10 cho bệnh l‎í ác tính, độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu và độ chính xác lần lượt là 72,5%, 72,9% và 72,8%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ItHbkk_jRls/Tyy70KT24CI/AAAAAAAAE3s/CYXmlLjd6fA/s1600/thyroid+table.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="116" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ItHbkk_jRls/Tyy70KT24CI/AAAAAAAAE3s/CYXmlLjd6fA/s640/thyroid+table.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6KLVdLoQ0jA/Tyy75Rvj-iI/AAAAAAAAE30/dj5FoZibscU/s1600/thyroid+table+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="473" sda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6KLVdLoQ0jA/Tyy75Rvj-iI/AAAAAAAAE30/dj5FoZibscU/s640/thyroid+table+2.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KẾT LUẬN. Ấn với đầu dò siêu âm là một tiêu chí hữu ích giúp phân biệt tổn thương tuyến giáp lành tính với ác tính.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-3431804664535425266?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/3431804664535425266/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=3431804664535425266' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/3431804664535425266'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/3431804664535425266'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/cmpressibility-of-thyroid-masses.html' title='COMPRESSIBILITY of THYROID MASSES'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-m1WQUTC3HSE/TyDVcIZIe0I/AAAAAAAAEwU/v_HcC-AIs6k/s72-c/thyroid.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-5688005220465280775</id><published>2012-01-25T16:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-03-08T00:37:49.127-08:00</updated><title type='text'>CHUẨN BỊ THAM GIA AOCR 2012  SYDNEY</title><content type='html'>Đến nay đã chuẩn bị&amp;nbsp;5 bài:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;A rare case of extraovarian primary peritoneal carcinoma in a 71 year-old HCV woman: Case Report&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BIEU THAI DUNG PHU - HUNG THIEN NGUYEN - HAI THANH PHAN, MEDIC MEDICAL CENTER, HCMC, VIETNAM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Purpose: To represent a rare case of extraovarian primary peritoneal carcinoma (EOPPC) in a 71 year-old HCV woman &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Background:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; EOPPC is a rare malignant epithelial tumor from lining peritoneum of pelvic and abdomen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Swerdlow first described (1959) as «mesothelioma of pelvic peritoneum». &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; EOPPC : 7% - 15% of diagnosed ovarian cancer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Story:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; A 70yo HCV female patient for 4 years (from 2006) came to ultrasound department of MEDIC (2010) with unknown cause of ascitis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ultrasound detected a chronic hepatitis, malignant ascitis with a peritoneal cake, and no pelvic tumor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CA-125 =&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt; 600,0 U/mL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; MSCT= Peritoneal carcinomatosis, no ovarian tumor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Histopathologic Result: Peritoneal serous carcinoma of ovary: Peritoneal tissue included many cells containing dysmorphologic nuclei, which formed into groups of papillary gland shape. In that there were psammona body.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Peritoneal carcinomatosis with high value of CA-125, but no relation of an ovarian tumor and unable a primary tumor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Diagnosing bases on laparoscopy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. A rare case of extraovarian primary peritoneal carcinoma in a 72 year-old woman, F Moccia, M Cimmino, G Santabarbara, F De Vita, V Trapani, G Romano and L Fei, BMC Geriatrics 2010, 10 (Suppl 1):A16 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Mesothelioma of the pelvic peritoneum resembling papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary: case report. Swerdlow M, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1959, 77:197-200&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Extraovarian primary peritoneal carcinoma. A case report, Jesús Vera Álvarez, Miguel Marigil Gómez, María Dolores García Prats, Manuel Abascal Agorreta, José Manuel Ramón Cajal, José Ignacio López López, Juan Pablo Royo Goyanes, Patologia, Vol. 40, n.º 1, 2007. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. &lt;strong&gt;COMBINING FIBROSCAN and FIB-4 to ASSESS LIVER FIBROSIS &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Phuc Vinh Dinh Le, Liem Thanh Le, Nhat Thong Le, Linh Hong Bui, Hung Thien Nguyen, Hai Thanh Phan, MEDIC MEDICAL CENTER, HCMC, VIETNAM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;PURPOSE:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To &lt;br /&gt;a) Determine the potential correlation of FIB-4 and FIBROSCAN.&lt;br /&gt;b) Determine value of FIB-4 in the groups F0, F1, F2, F3, F4 according to&amp;nbsp;FIBROSCAN.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;PROCEDURE DETAILS:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Subjects: Patients who agreed to participate in the study, adults ≥ 18 years old, have been identified chronic viral B or C hepatitis, or co-infection of chronic B/C hepatitis or other causes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A cross-sectional study, implementation and testing by FibroScan, Platelets count, AST, ALT on the same day. FibroScan values measured in kPa determined the liver fibrosis stage according to METAVIR (F0, F1, F2, F3, F4). The value of FIB-4 index is calculated as the formula: FIB-4 = Age [years] x AST [U / L] / (platelets [x109 / L] x (ALT [U / L])1/2)[1]. Statistical analysis and data processing by MedCalc software.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;RESULTS: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2011, there were 296 patients divided into 2 groups: group F0,1,2: 233 cases and group F3,4: 63 cases (age 18 to 76; men: 183 cases (62%) women: 113 cases (38%)). FibroScan results of the study sample: average: 8.3 ± 8.6 kPa (from 2.2 -75 kPa). The correlation between FIB-4 and FibroScan: r = 0.5367. The difference in average FIB-4 in group F0, 1,2 and group F3,4 are statistically significant, p &amp;lt; 0.0001.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;CONCLUSION:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Combining FibroScan and FIB-4 index, we find out FIB-4 supporting to classify two groups of liver fibrosis (F0,1,2) and (F3,4) which were determined by FibroScan. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reference:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span class="author"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;1 Sterling RK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class="author"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;Lissen E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class="author"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;Clumeck N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class="author"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;Sola R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class="author"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;Correa MC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class="author"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;Montaner J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;, et al. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class="articletitle"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class="journaltitle2"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;HEPATOLOGY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class="pubyear"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class="vol2"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;43&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class="pagefirst"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;1317&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class="pagelast"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;1325&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III. &amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;MusculoSkeletal Applications of Supersonic Shear Imaging (SSI) : Pictorial Essay&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hung Thien Nguyen, Hai Thanh Phan, Medic Medical Center, HCMC, Vietnam &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Purpose: To apply the supersonic shear imaging (SSI) technique to musculoskeletal disorders in the situation of clinical utility is yet to be established.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Materials and methods: A pictorial essay presentation using conventional ultrasound and SSI technique with the linear probe (4-15MHz) of the Supersonic Imagine System, AiXplorer. The range we used was 0-180 kPa. Using a Qbox of 1 cm in diameter, elasticity values were measured. The results were confirmed by MRI and histopathologic correlations later.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Results: The present pictorial essay includes rotator cuff tears, supraspinatus, Achille tendinosis, plantatis fasciitis, synovitis, soft tissue lesions (inflammatory myositis, muscle tuberculosis).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Conclusions: SSI technique can be used for various musculoskeletal applications. SSI is able to provide quantitative and local elastic information in real time. Further multicenter studies with the histopathological correlation need to be performed in order to establish the clinical utility of supersonic shear imaging.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. References: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1/ Minoru Shinohara, Karim Sabra, Jean-Luc Gennisson, Mathias Flink and Mickael Tanter: Real-Time Visualization of Muscle Stiffness Distribution with Ultrsound Shear Wave Imaging During Muscle Contraction, Muscle &amp;amp; Nerve Month 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2/ P. S. Zoumpoulis, A. Plagou, E. Fandridis, N. Gerostathopoulos: Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography of the Rotator Cuff Muscles: Elasticity Measurements of the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus Muscles using Shear Wave Elastography (ECR 2011, poster)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IV. &amp;nbsp;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;Gossypiboma: Ultrasound Findings and MDCT Correlations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hung Thien Nguyen, Nhan Thanh Nguyen Vo, Hai Thanh Phan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MEDIC MEDICAL CENTER, HCMC, Vietnam&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Purpose: Gossypiboma or textiloma may be disclosed incidentally by ultrasound in routine check-up. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the findings of conventional ultrasound in the detection of gossypiboma.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Materials and methods: All patients received conventional ultrasound, and then MDCT to confirm the ultrasound findings and rule out a malignant mass.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results: From 1995 to 2011, there are 12 cases which were detected by ultrasound and later confirmed by MDCT and surgery. The time point to detect gossypiboma are in range from one 1 month to 23 years post-op. Most of cases are in fibrinous stage and 3 cases in early stage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Discussions: Ultrasound is sensitive to detect gossypiboma and can differentiate from a malignant mass. Umbrella sign may help although that is not a specific finding. But MDCT (and MRI) plays a available role in identification the textile structure of retained gauze in the abdomen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions: Ultrasound can be performed in the detection of gossypiboma with reliable results in regarding of the scar on the previous surgery area. Ultrasound may help avoid a misdiagnosis of an intraabdominal malignant mass, abscess and fecalith.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1/ A Malik, P Jagmohan: Gossypiboma: US and CT Appearance, Abdominal Imaging 2002, 12 :503-504, India.&lt;br /&gt;2/ K Shahi, B Geeta, P Rajput: Forget Me Not - Gossypiboma in Pregnancy: Report of a Case, The Internal Journal of Surgery, 2009, Vol 19 Number 2, India.&lt;br /&gt;3/ SP Stawicki, DC Evans, J Cipolla, MJ Seamon, JJ Lukaszczyk, MP Prosciak, DA Torigian, VA Doraiswamy, NP Yazzie, OL Gunter Jr, SM Steinberg: Retained Surgical Foreign Bodies,A Comprehensive Review of Risks and Preventive Strategies, Scandinavian J of Surgery 98: 8-17, 2009. &lt;br /&gt;4/ TC Cheng, AS Chou, CM Jeng,PY Chang, CC Lee: Computed Tomography Findings of Gossypiboma, J Chin Med Assoc, December 2007,Vol 70, Number 12, 565-569, Taiwan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;V. &lt;strong&gt;LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT on 554 CASES at MEDIC CENTER by ARFI and FIBROSCAN.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LIEM THANH LE, LINH HONG BUI, NHAT THONG LE, HAI THANH PHAN &lt;br /&gt;MEDIC MEDICAL CENTER, HCMC, VIETNAM&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;Purpose&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;: To compare acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) with transient elastography (TE of FIBROSCAN) for assessing whether ARFI can be &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;non-invasive technique in liver fibrosis evaluation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/b&gt;: All 554 cases (353 male, including 366 cases of chronic viral hepatitis), age from 17 to 85 yo (mean = 44±13), BMI =14.8 to 32.4 (mean= 22±2.8) were examined by 2 sonologists performing ARFI and TE techniques, and tested serologic markers in the same day. ARFI values (V=m/s) are compared to TE values (F= kPa) by MedCalc statistical software.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: Results of ARFI and TE techniques are in close correlation with statistical significance of fibrosis staging, correlative coefficient&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;r = 0.83 with &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; 0.0001, 95% CI = 0.804-0.855. The shear wave velocity means of ARFI range from 0.79 to 3.53 m/sec, standard deviation from 0.01 to 1.0 (mean = 0.11), 90% ≤ 0.23m/s and there are statistical differences between V0-V1, V1-V2, V2-V3, V3-V4 with t range from 11.4&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;to 18.9, p &amp;lt; 0.0001. Values of TE, from 2.2 to 75kPa. Close clinical agreement&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;between FibroScan F4 and ARFI F4, kappa=0.8.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;With the regressive equation  y = 0.9458 + 0.04266 x (where x=F kPa and y=V m/s), we propose a fibrosis staging of ARFI as follows: F0&amp;lt;1.16m/s; 1.16≤F1&amp;lt;1.25m/s, 1.25≤F2&amp;lt;1.32m/s; 1.32≤F3 &amp;lt;1.56m/s; F4≥1.56 m/s.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;Conclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;: ARFI of liver fibrosis assessment in chronic viral hepatitis has accurate diagnosis similarly with TE in the present study of 554 cases.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;ARFI technique may substitute for TE of FibroScan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;References &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Simona Bota, Ioan Sporea, Roxana Şirli, Alina Popescu, Mirela Dănilă, Mădălina Şendroiu: Factors that influence the correlation of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography with liver fibrosis, Med Ultrason, Feb. 2011, Vol.13, No 2, 135-140.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Monica Lupsor, Radu Badea, Horia Stefanescu, Zeno Sparchez, Horaţiu Branda, Alexandru Serban, Anca Maniu: Performance of a New Elastographic Method (ARFI technology) Compared to Unidimensional Transient Elastography in the Noninvasive Assessment of Chronic Hepatitis C. Preliminary Results, J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, Sep.2009, Vol 18, No 3, 303-310.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-5688005220465280775?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/5688005220465280775/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=5688005220465280775' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5688005220465280775'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5688005220465280775'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/chuan-bi-tham-gia-aocr-2012-sydney.html' title='CHUẨN BỊ THAM GIA AOCR 2012  SYDNEY'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-1136218875645389814</id><published>2012-01-20T07:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-22T02:42:51.737-08:00</updated><title type='text'>CHÚC TẾT</title><content type='html'>Năm hết, Tết đến, lại một mùa xuân đến trên đất nước Việt nam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VoyzGjS-2P0/TxvnkUoSmBI/AAAAAAAAEr0/DmrMvQkqGA0/s1600/IMG_0078.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VoyzGjS-2P0/TxvnkUoSmBI/AAAAAAAAEr0/DmrMvQkqGA0/s320/IMG_0078.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nhìn lại năm 2011, với 106 entries mới, lượng pageviews hiện tăng lên 36.981 lượt (năm ngoái 10.000 lượt) cho thấy sự ưu ái của các bạn đã dành thì giờ vào xem blog. Đa số là ở Việt nam (28.473 lượt), nhưng cũng có các bạn ở ngoại quốc như Mỹ (2.016 lượt), Nga (842 lượt), Hà lan (544 lượt), Đức (534 lượt), Pháp (254 lượt), Mã lai (211 lượt), Nam Triều tiên (141 lượt), Anh (128 lượt) và Canada (120 lượt). &lt;br /&gt;Mỗi ngày&amp;nbsp; trung bình có hơn 70 lượt truy cập.&lt;br /&gt;Đây là nguồn cổ vũ rất lớn, nên nhân đây, xin cảm ơn các bạn đã và đang tiếp tục ủng hộ cho sự hiện diện của blog trên mạng.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pfElFglqhzg/TxrRUgiFATI/AAAAAAAAErs/FJRhT5WruaI/s1600/20.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pfElFglqhzg/TxrRUgiFATI/AAAAAAAAErs/FJRhT5WruaI/s320/20.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Năm mới, xin chúc các bạn an khang và thịnh vượng.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BS NGUYỄN THIỆN HÙNG&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-1136218875645389814?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/1136218875645389814/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=1136218875645389814' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1136218875645389814'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1136218875645389814'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/chuc-tet.html' title='CHÚC TẾT'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VoyzGjS-2P0/TxvnkUoSmBI/AAAAAAAAEr0/DmrMvQkqGA0/s72-c/IMG_0078.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-505492101999186427</id><published>2012-01-17T06:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-23T05:02:13.146-08:00</updated><title type='text'>LƯỢC SỬ SIÊU ÂM</title><content type='html'>Từ&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;A brief history of musculoskeletal ultrasound: From bats and ships to babies and hips’&lt;/strong&gt;, D. Kane, W. Grassi, R. Sturrock and P. V. Balint (2004), Rheumatology 2004;43:931–933&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vấn đề về dơi của Spallanzani &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sóng âm thanh không nghe được ở tần số cao, hơn 20 kHz, được gọi là siêu âm và tồn tại trong tự nhiên hơn 1 triệu năm. Nhiều loài, trong đó có dơi sử dụng siêu âm để điều hướng bay và định vị các nguồn thực phẩm như mối (moths). Các thử nghiệm chi tiết đầu tiên chỉ ra rằng âm thanh không nghe được có thể tồn tại được Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799), một linh mục Ý và nhà sinh lý học, thực hiện trên con dơi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Tìm cách&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; giải thích khả năng dơi điều hướng bay trong bóng tối, ông đã chứng minh rằng dơi bị che mắt có thể điều hướng nhưng vẫn có thể chống lại với những trở ngại khi miệng bị bịt lại. Sau nhiều thí nghiệm, Spallanzani kết luận rằng ' tai dơi dùng để thấy hiệu quả hơn mắt, hoặc ít nhất là để đo khoảng cách... ', một vấn đề của tà giáo trong những năm 1790. “Vấn đề dơi của Spallanzani”,&amp;nbsp; vẫn là một bí ẩn khoa&amp;nbsp;học mãi cho đến năm 1938, khi cuối cùng 2 sinh viên đại học Harvard trẻ, Donald R. Grifﬁn và Robert Galambos sử dụng&amp;nbsp;máy dò âm để ghi lại nhiễu siêu âm định hướng phát ra từ dơi trong l‎úc điều hướng bay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UaebkhipXxw/TxWBXWdtgpI/AAAAAAAAEok/gqq4DJPvvVQ/s1600/doi.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="180" kba="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UaebkhipXxw/TxWBXWdtgpI/AAAAAAAAEok/gqq4DJPvvVQ/s320/doi.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YY2FMcwNteo/TxWBdmk3ZaI/AAAAAAAAEos/o7TDA-Nv5Rg/s1600/doi+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="178" kba="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YY2FMcwNteo/TxWBdmk3ZaI/AAAAAAAAEos/o7TDA-Nv5Rg/s320/doi+2.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Hình của Alice Man và Manoj K Karmakar, Chinese University of Hong Kong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tàu ngầm và tàu chiến&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Việc áp dụng các phản âm định hướng được sử dụng để phát hiện các đối tượng và đo khoảng cách — gọi là định vị hồi âm , echolocation — ban đầu được phát triển cho các mục đích hàng hải. Sau khi chiếc Titanic chìm, thiết bị sử dụng hoạt động echolocation năm 1912 của Reginald A. Fessenden, người Canada, được cấp bằng sáng chế, với máy sonar đầu tiên (điều hướng âm và phân loại) được thiết kế năm 1914, có khả năng phát hiện một tảng băng trôi cách 2 dặm. Các tàu ngầm của Đức, mối đe dọa cho tàu bè đồng minh trong thế chiến thứ nhất, là động lực bức xúc cho sự phát triển của công nghệ siêu âm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-00MvWtZDhR0/TxWErKgw2wI/AAAAAAAAEo8/2ziLlOWjNro/s1600/sonar.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="180" kba="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-00MvWtZDhR0/TxWErKgw2wI/AAAAAAAAEo8/2ziLlOWjNro/s320/sonar.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Paul Langevin và Constantin Chilowsky thiết kế một máy tạo âm dưới nước dạng bánh sandwich bằng cách sử dụng tinh thể thạch anh và hai tấm thép, được coi là nguyên mẫu của máy siêu âm hiện đại. Phát hiện đầu tiên được báo cáo và sau đó đánh chìm một tàu ngầm Đức U-boat (UC-3) bằng cách sử dụng một hydrophone vào ngày 23 tháng 4 năm 1916, với các kỹ thuật tinh tế hơn và được áp dụng rộng rãi trong việc bảo vệ các đoàn tàu vận tải Bắc Đại Tây Dương trong thế chiến II. Giữa các cuộc chiến tranh, kỹ thuật siêu âm được áp dụng để phát hiện các nứt (ﬂaws) kim loại — đặc biệt ở tàu và máy bay-bằng cách sử dụng máy reﬂectoscopes hoặc máy dò nứt. Các ứng dụng quân sự và công nghiệp của siêu âm dẫn đến sự phát triển của máy siêu âm chẩn đoán y khoa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M4VA4vhMpII/TxWFJMOMvRI/AAAAAAAAEpE/deKdqChxXZs/s1600/the+chien.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="179" kba="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M4VA4vhMpII/TxWFJMOMvRI/AAAAAAAAEpE/deKdqChxXZs/s320/the+chien.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ooQOG8NI3Ms/TxWP8ud0uOI/AAAAAAAAEp8/XAdgE3GrQ40/s1600/flaw+detector+_US+devices.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="179" kba="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ooQOG8NI3Ms/TxWP8ud0uOI/AAAAAAAAEp8/XAdgE3GrQ40/s320/flaw+detector+_US+devices.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tạo hình siêu âm y khoa và giai thoại Glasgow&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Việc sử dụng siêu âm như một công cụ chẩn đoán y khoa đã bắt đầu vào năm 1942 khi Karl Dussik, một nhà thần kinh học đại học Wien, đã cố gắng xác định vị trí khối u não và các não thất bằng cách đo chùm siêu âm truyền qua đầu. Sau đó, John Julian Wild, tốt nghiệp y khoa Cambridge, đặt nền tảng siêu âm chẩn đoán mô với các báo cáo về siêu âm A-mode (biên độ) khảo sát các bệnh phẩm mổ ác tính của ruột và vú , sự phát triển của đầu dò linear B-mode (độ sáng ) cầm tay và các báo cáo ban đầu về các kết quả siêu âm nội soi (transrectal và transvaginal) A-mode vào năm 1955.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Một nhân vật quan trọng trong sự phát triển của siêu âm y khoa trong thực hành lâm sàng là giáo sư Ian Donald ở Glasgow. Có được kinh nghiệm ban đầu trong kỹ thuật radar và sonar khi phục vụ trong không quân Hoàng gia trong chiến tranh thế giới thứ hai, ông rất nhiệt tình trong siêu âm y khoa khi gặp John Wild lúc bấy giờ đang làm việc tại Hammersmith ở London. Lúc được bổ nhiệm là giáo sư Hoàng gia cho Nữ hộ sinh của Đại học Glasgow, Ian Donald và đồng nghiệp đã bắt đầu một loạt các nghiên cứu sẽ thiết lập vai trò siêu âm y khoa, khắc phục hoài nghi lâm sàng ban đầu từ các đồng nghiệp, những người tin rằng khám kiểm tra bụng và chậu bằng tay cũng đủ chắc chắn chẩn đoán. Với sự giúp đỡ của kỹ thuật của hãng Kelvin Hughes Ltd, Ian Donald sử dụng một ' ﬂaw detector' để phân biệt khối u bụng đặc và u dạng nang — trong một trường hợp làm thay đổi chẩn đoán lâm sàng carcinoma giai đoạn cuối với nang buồng trứng — dẫn đến việc in các dấu hiệu này trên báo Lancet vào năm 1958, một cột mốc quan trọng trong siêu âm y khoa. Cùng các đồng nghiệp, Donald thiết kế một máy siêu âm 2D và sau đó một máy tự động năm 1960, thực hiện chẩn đoán siêu âm nhau tiền đạo lần đầu tiên trước sanh, phát triển phương pháp để đo các đường kính lưỡng đỉnh thai nhi năm 1962 và lần đầu tiên dùng bàng quang đầy để phát hiện sớm thai 6-7 tuần tuổi vào năm 1963.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xu_Nz0uEnLs/Txgg4qUJ8kI/AAAAAAAAEqE/Z7iFhH639kc/s1600/obstetrics.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="178" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xu_Nz0uEnLs/Txgg4qUJ8kI/AAAAAAAAEqE/Z7iFhH639kc/s320/obstetrics.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;A brief summary of the names of the key ﬁgures and their achievements prior to the introduction of ultrasound to obstetrics follows. (From FORTY YEARS OF OBSTETRIC ULTRASOUND 1957–1997: FROM A-SCOPE TO THREE DIMENSIONS, MARGARET B. MCNAY and JOHN E. E. FLEMING, &lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology Volume 25, Number 1, 1999).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1842: Doppler published his observations on the change of pitch when a source of vibrations is moving toward or away from an observer, now known as the Doppler effect.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U7kFEzBCaOo/TxWHMIMcyTI/AAAAAAAAEpM/fE2pozi_6D0/s1600/Doppler+effect.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" kba="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-U7kFEzBCaOo/TxWHMIMcyTI/AAAAAAAAEpM/fE2pozi_6D0/s320/Doppler+effect.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1877: Rayleigh (1877) published “The Theory of Sound.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1880: The Curie brothers described the piezoelectric effect, initially regarded as a scientiﬁc curiosity but subsequently found to be of major importance as the means of producing acoustic waves in sea water (Curie and Curie 1880).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t5GXLyAlhho/TxWHVwpAXOI/AAAAAAAAEpU/ZmZ8ZaRrTlk/s1600/piezoelectric+effect.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" kba="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t5GXLyAlhho/TxWHVwpAXOI/AAAAAAAAEpU/ZmZ8ZaRrTlk/s320/piezoelectric+effect.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1912: The Titanic sank. Richardson, a British meteorologist, suggested that sound be used for the detection of icebergs (Richardson 1912). In 1914, Fessenden (Hackman 1984), an American electrical engineer, successfully demonstrated this idea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1914–1918: The First World War. In 1917, Langevin (Biquard 1972) constructed the ﬁrst piezoelectric ultrasound transducer in the effort to detect submarines.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ASDIC—the anti-submarine detection committee—was established.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1929: Sokolov proposed that ultrasound might be used for imaging ﬂaws in materials (Sokolov 1929).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1937: Dussik suggested that ultrasound might have applications in medicine and further developed his ideas during the 1940s (Dussik 1942). He described a transmission method for sending ultrasonic waves through the intact skull. He called the resulting display a hyperphonogram.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bWioHAQO7pU/TxWJY7LHJkI/AAAAAAAAEpk/TLv3wIMQ_sg/s1600/medical+diagnostic+tool.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="179" kba="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bWioHAQO7pU/TxWJY7LHJkI/AAAAAAAAEpk/TLv3wIMQ_sg/s320/medical+diagnostic+tool.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1939–1945: Prior to the Second World War, sonar (sound, navigation, and ranging) development increased and work on radar (radio detection and ranging) began. During the war, major advances in the equipment and instrumentation took place.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-twFlAf_X7wg/TxWM0_FupZI/AAAAAAAAEps/MOcPNR_NByk/s1600/radar+_flaw+detectors.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="179" kba="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-twFlAf_X7wg/TxWM0_FupZI/AAAAAAAAEps/MOcPNR_NByk/s320/radar+_flaw+detectors.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1945: Firestone published his work on the “Reﬂectoscope,” an A-scope instrument for inspecting the interior of solid parts by means of sound waves (Firestone 1945).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1946: Wild, trained as a surgeon in England, moved to the US, where he developed his interest in ultrasound at the University of Minnesota, leading to his ﬁrst publication, “The use of ultrasonic pulses for the measurement of biologic tissues and the detection of tissue density changes” (Wild 1950). Wild’s main interests were the measurement of bowel wall thickness and the study of breast lumps. He saw the potential of ultrasound for breast screening and, in this respect, was extremely farsighted. Wild, Reid, and their collaborators were to make an important contribution to ultrasound imaging.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1948: Howry, in Denver, Colorado, as a young physician training in radiology, developed his interest in ultrasound, completing his ﬁrst A-scope in 1949. In collaboration with Bliss, an engineer, the Somascope was constructed, a B-scan instrument that produced very good images but was extremely cumbersome and unsuited for use with sick or pregnant patients. Howry and Bliss published in 1952, “Ultrasonic visualization of soft tissue structures of the body.” Howry’s aim was primarily to obtain good anatomical sections. He was joined in 1950 by Holmes, also a radiologist, and together they worked toward obtaining clinically useful images.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;1949: Ludwig worked at the University of Pennsylvania and the Naval Medical Research Institute, where he demonstrated that gallstones within the body gave a different reﬂected echo pattern than soft tissue (Ludwig and Struthers 1949). He then moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he collaborated with Ballantine, Bolt, and Hueter, and with Dussik from Austria. At MIT, their main interest was in intracranial pathology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;1949: Uchida constructed the ﬁrst A-scope in Japan at the Nihon Musen Company in Tokyo. He then collaborated with many clinicians in the development of equipment and application of ultrasound in clinical practice. In 1952, the ﬁrst report entitled “Ultrasonic ﬂaw detection in the human body” was published in Japan. Uchida later became president of the Aloka company (Uchida 1988).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;1954: Edler, a cardiologist, and Hertz, a physicist, in Lund, Sweden, introduced echocardiography, publishing their ﬁrst report on “The use of ultrasonic reﬂectoscope for the continuous recording of movements of heart walls” (Edler and Hertz 1954).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Xem tiếp &lt;strong&gt;AIUM History Timeline&lt;/strong&gt; những năm 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000.&lt;br /&gt;---------------------&lt;br /&gt;Xem lại một bài soạn cũ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZN5a8xOEtWU/Tx02E62aEGI/AAAAAAAAEsE/spOEymCLgMg/s1600/Slide2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZN5a8xOEtWU/Tx02E62aEGI/AAAAAAAAEsE/spOEymCLgMg/s320/Slide2.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2w5_iKqbhNI/Tx02JZt7ftI/AAAAAAAAEsM/3uni2MrDxSg/s1600/Slide3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2w5_iKqbhNI/Tx02JZt7ftI/AAAAAAAAEsM/3uni2MrDxSg/s320/Slide3.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IJre6i57UQ0/Tx02OdbvQkI/AAAAAAAAEsU/lF_N4f0imf0/s1600/Slide4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IJre6i57UQ0/Tx02OdbvQkI/AAAAAAAAEsU/lF_N4f0imf0/s320/Slide4.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QLMGaF7WcKc/Tx02YhLVlPI/AAAAAAAAEsc/QwJ1MczBKS4/s1600/Slide5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QLMGaF7WcKc/Tx02YhLVlPI/AAAAAAAAEsc/QwJ1MczBKS4/s320/Slide5.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wG3fvu3qH2c/Tx02eDsp9_I/AAAAAAAAEsk/pSBUveeSOlY/s1600/Slide6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wG3fvu3qH2c/Tx02eDsp9_I/AAAAAAAAEsk/pSBUveeSOlY/s320/Slide6.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dKc0GMJmo-A/Tx02k1S5HXI/AAAAAAAAEss/xU8pJ45CzPg/s1600/Slide7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dKc0GMJmo-A/Tx02k1S5HXI/AAAAAAAAEss/xU8pJ45CzPg/s320/Slide7.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9tG64qTqLO4/Tx02r561UoI/AAAAAAAAEs0/10-ue0961o0/s1600/Slide8.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9tG64qTqLO4/Tx02r561UoI/AAAAAAAAEs0/10-ue0961o0/s320/Slide8.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-al6bJWj98xg/Tx02w2JSGbI/AAAAAAAAEs8/jCR9GDntPRs/s1600/Slide9.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-al6bJWj98xg/Tx02w2JSGbI/AAAAAAAAEs8/jCR9GDntPRs/s320/Slide9.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Kmd_zhS0RBk/Tx021zgxwoI/AAAAAAAAEtE/wbkIh0yukGQ/s1600/Slide10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Kmd_zhS0RBk/Tx021zgxwoI/AAAAAAAAEtE/wbkIh0yukGQ/s320/Slide10.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bRnIB7KKCy0/Tx027LDXeCI/AAAAAAAAEtM/hxW5gSDg88Q/s1600/Slide11.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bRnIB7KKCy0/Tx027LDXeCI/AAAAAAAAEtM/hxW5gSDg88Q/s320/Slide11.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FW7DB-sVGRc/Tx03BSrvtfI/AAAAAAAAEtU/n8mnDUK-ZS8/s1600/Slide12.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FW7DB-sVGRc/Tx03BSrvtfI/AAAAAAAAEtU/n8mnDUK-ZS8/s320/Slide12.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A_RqWHYIiZ8/Tx03FqAa4NI/AAAAAAAAEtc/G_blpJZoKrM/s1600/Slide13.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A_RqWHYIiZ8/Tx03FqAa4NI/AAAAAAAAEtc/G_blpJZoKrM/s320/Slide13.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VUor4FO9Y10/Tx03J3kfddI/AAAAAAAAEtk/o64NjDUppYY/s1600/Slide14.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VUor4FO9Y10/Tx03J3kfddI/AAAAAAAAEtk/o64NjDUppYY/s320/Slide14.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KwbPFXHBxv8/Tx03OqCx2QI/AAAAAAAAEts/CI2YBvb30mQ/s1600/Slide15.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KwbPFXHBxv8/Tx03OqCx2QI/AAAAAAAAEts/CI2YBvb30mQ/s320/Slide15.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hIWXI3pt8zc/Tx03TgRpYTI/AAAAAAAAEt0/FuOLU7wyVXI/s1600/Slide16.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hIWXI3pt8zc/Tx03TgRpYTI/AAAAAAAAEt0/FuOLU7wyVXI/s320/Slide16.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xUfZ7VB33hE/Tx03rRz0gsI/AAAAAAAAEuE/v3qzbCscaJc/s1600/Slide17.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xUfZ7VB33hE/Tx03rRz0gsI/AAAAAAAAEuE/v3qzbCscaJc/s320/Slide17.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5sL0_iZ2-wo/Tx03zD0aklI/AAAAAAAAEuM/YRlBPdqMze8/s1600/Slide18.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5sL0_iZ2-wo/Tx03zD0aklI/AAAAAAAAEuM/YRlBPdqMze8/s320/Slide18.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Yejp1XGU9mE/Tx033alKDmI/AAAAAAAAEuU/2o1EvnDXzX8/s1600/Slide19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Yejp1XGU9mE/Tx033alKDmI/AAAAAAAAEuU/2o1EvnDXzX8/s320/Slide19.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GMrnbOZdRHc/Tx038WUf0AI/AAAAAAAAEuc/y4TVOBs2rh4/s1600/Slide20.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GMrnbOZdRHc/Tx038WUf0AI/AAAAAAAAEuc/y4TVOBs2rh4/s320/Slide20.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0tan8Qt1-aY/Tx04Cp0l7VI/AAAAAAAAEuk/UJh_79okVS0/s1600/Slide21.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0tan8Qt1-aY/Tx04Cp0l7VI/AAAAAAAAEuk/UJh_79okVS0/s320/Slide21.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YyqRvFzRFp8/Tx04HFcrZfI/AAAAAAAAEus/ZeM0Zm2ySLc/s1600/Slide22.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YyqRvFzRFp8/Tx04HFcrZfI/AAAAAAAAEus/ZeM0Zm2ySLc/s320/Slide22.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GagdZ3TKGco/Tx04MJyJw4I/AAAAAAAAEu0/pkZuFslNQn8/s1600/Slide23.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GagdZ3TKGco/Tx04MJyJw4I/AAAAAAAAEu0/pkZuFslNQn8/s320/Slide23.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tIrHmRCltbg/Tx04Q7VvNoI/AAAAAAAAEu8/z6U68UKnGNU/s1600/Slide24.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tIrHmRCltbg/Tx04Q7VvNoI/AAAAAAAAEu8/z6U68UKnGNU/s320/Slide24.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RxOrqNxP5N8/Tx04VxM51aI/AAAAAAAAEvE/9ZcJrcgkiq8/s1600/Slide25.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RxOrqNxP5N8/Tx04VxM51aI/AAAAAAAAEvE/9ZcJrcgkiq8/s320/Slide25.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JjiU19lPvjk/Tx04bv9zyyI/AAAAAAAAEvM/mBrNHA1xUl0/s1600/Slide26.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JjiU19lPvjk/Tx04bv9zyyI/AAAAAAAAEvM/mBrNHA1xUl0/s320/Slide26.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1XykVf63MHY/Tx04lrqO6jI/AAAAAAAAEvU/ZgzRJ6XghFY/s1600/Slide27.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1XykVf63MHY/Tx04lrqO6jI/AAAAAAAAEvU/ZgzRJ6XghFY/s320/Slide27.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IJp8Cg9m1Cw/Tx04p4tzjaI/AAAAAAAAEvc/13DhUdvafy0/s1600/Slide28.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IJp8Cg9m1Cw/Tx04p4tzjaI/AAAAAAAAEvc/13DhUdvafy0/s320/Slide28.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kC3Ggsjet1A/Tx04wpSYN1I/AAAAAAAAEvk/RwoISjcv0eA/s1600/Slide29.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kC3Ggsjet1A/Tx04wpSYN1I/AAAAAAAAEvk/RwoISjcv0eA/s320/Slide29.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kJ5UxS93qps/Tx043F8qAOI/AAAAAAAAEvs/fRtjRPKzxZk/s1600/Slide31.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kJ5UxS93qps/Tx043F8qAOI/AAAAAAAAEvs/fRtjRPKzxZk/s320/Slide31.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qmUM9jbH3NI/Tx049ZFgRhI/AAAAAAAAEv0/Nmi-57QBzBU/s1600/Slide32.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qmUM9jbH3NI/Tx049ZFgRhI/AAAAAAAAEv0/Nmi-57QBzBU/s320/Slide32.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BYIUYZ8HReg/Tx05CHtHXgI/AAAAAAAAEv8/aT-_RY2sFtc/s1600/Slide33.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BYIUYZ8HReg/Tx05CHtHXgI/AAAAAAAAEv8/aT-_RY2sFtc/s320/Slide33.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-W-H1ccNTRJQ/Tx05H80MeDI/AAAAAAAAEwE/pPPGPXPKiYI/s1600/Slide34.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nfa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-W-H1ccNTRJQ/Tx05H80MeDI/AAAAAAAAEwE/pPPGPXPKiYI/s320/Slide34.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-505492101999186427?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/505492101999186427/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=505492101999186427' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/505492101999186427'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/505492101999186427'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/lich-su-sieu-am-rut-ngan.html' title='LƯỢC SỬ SIÊU ÂM'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UaebkhipXxw/TxWBXWdtgpI/AAAAAAAAEok/gqq4DJPvvVQ/s72-c/doi.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-5772988842771879106</id><published>2012-01-06T02:20:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-15T01:25:02.125-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Clotbust ER, một SONOLYSIS SYSTEM được chuẩn y với CE</title><content type='html'>Cerevast Therapeutics Inc, một công ty công nghệ y khoa tư nhân,&amp;nbsp;công bố đã nhận được CE mark clearance cho SonoLysis Headframe System. Clotbust ER ™&amp;nbsp; được phê duyệt để thương mại hóa các sản phẩm ở châu Âu.&lt;br /&gt;Clotbust ER ™ là một thiết bị siêu âm đầu tiên trong loại dành cho điều trị đột quỵ do thiếu máu, đại diện cho một sản phẩm mới trong một khu vực rất cao không được đáp ứng nhu cầu y khoa. Được thiết kế cho việc triển khai nhanh chóng trong các phòng cấp cứu, dụng cụ này cung cấp năng lượng siêu âm điều trị không xâm lấn cho khu vực mạch não bế tắc, như là một điều trị cho đột quỵ thiếu máu khi dùng kết hợp với liệu pháp tiêm tĩnh mạch làm tan cục máu tiêu chuẩn (tissue plasminogen activator — tPA/Alteplase). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thiết bị gồm nhiều đầu dò được tích hợp vào một headframe độc nhất, độc lập với người sử dụng. Clotbust ER ™ được thiết kế để các đầu dò tự sắp xếp (self-align) dựa trên các điểm mốc phổ biến trên hộp sọ. Phần mềm độc quyền kiểm soát các thông số siêu âm, lần lượt cho phép thiết bị&amp;nbsp;cung cấp mức độ năng lượng siêu âm điều trị&amp;nbsp; phù hợp, cần thiết để đạt được dòng chảy âm (acoustic streaming) và tăng cường ly giải cục máu đông trong các mạch não tắc mà không cần người làm siêu âm hoặc kỹ thuật viên mạch máu. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Năng lượng của chùm siêu âm được chuyển thành năng lượng của dịch chuyển động, gọi là acoustic streaming (dòng chảy âm). Ở áp suất rất thấp dòng chảy âm trong não này sẽ gây khuấy động nhẹ làm lộ ra các chỗ dính fibrin cho plasmin. Phương pháp này làm tăng cường khả năng ly giải cục máu đông của điều trị quy ước bằng rtPA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;"Đạt được CE mark clearance là một thành tựu lớn của Cerevast," ông Bradford A. Zakes, giám đốc điều hành, nói. "Clotbust ER ™ làm giảm&amp;nbsp;các thách thức kỹ thuật liên quan đến việc dùng máy siêu âm xuyên sọ cho điều trị đột quỵ do thiếu máu. Không giống như các máy siêu âm Doppler quy ước&amp;nbsp;chỉ cho chẩn đoán, Clotbust ER ™ cung cấp năng lượng siêu âm điều trị cho khu vực bị&amp;nbsp;tắc mạch mà không&amp;nbsp;phải cầm đầu dò hoặc giữ tại chỗ bằng tay trong một thời gian dài. Điều này thể hiện một tiến bộ lớn trong tổ chức phòng cấp cứu, &amp;nbsp;nơi mà người làm siêu âm hoặc kỹ thuật viên mạch không luôn có sẵn." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Điều quan trọng là cần bắt đầu điều trị nhanh chóng ngay khi có một bệnh nhân đột quỵ đến bệnh viện," Andrei Alexandrov, MD, giáo sư thần kinh học và giám đốc trung tâm nghiên cứu đột quỵ UAB Comprehensive Stroke Research Center nói. "Việc thiết kế Clotbust ER ™ độc lập với người sử dụng cho phép triển khai hệ thống điều trị tan cục máu an toàn, nhanh chóng và đáng tin cậy&amp;nbsp;trong tổ chức phòng cấp cứu. Tôi mong sản phẩm này sẽ có ích cho những bệnh nhân bị ảnh hưởng của đột quỵ do thiếu máu". &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JVMKp8CyxUo/TwbKWI6EtnI/AAAAAAAAEkw/-zhOA0TPWZg/s1600/cerevast.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JVMKp8CyxUo/TwbKWI6EtnI/AAAAAAAAEkw/-zhOA0TPWZg/s400/cerevast.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-re5NAAB8eWw/TwbKeIzVEsI/AAAAAAAAEk4/-iL9YQ5o2a4/s1600/cerevast2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-re5NAAB8eWw/TwbKeIzVEsI/AAAAAAAAEk4/-iL9YQ5o2a4/s400/cerevast2.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Về Cerevast Therapeutics, Inc&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;là một công ty công nghệ y khoa tập trung vào sự phát triển của SonoLysis để điều trị đột quỵ thiếu máu cấp tính. Cerevast được công nhận đứng đầu trong lĩnh vực SonoLysis với tài sản trí tuệ hơn 75 cấp bằng sáng chế tại Mỹ, 250 bằng nước ngoài tương đương và một gói dữ liệu rộng lớn của nghiên cứu lâm sàng và tiền lâm sàng. Công ty là một công ty tư nhân có trụ sở tại Redmond, WA. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Về SonoLysis&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;SonoLysis là một thuật ngữ dùng để mô tả việc áp dụng năng lượng siêu âm để phá huỷ hoặc "ly giải" cục máu đông trong mạch máu. Trong thiết kế điều trị cho đột quỵ do thiếu máu cấp tính, nghiên cứu lâm sàng đã chứng minh rằng sự kết hợp của siêu âm xuyên sọ với liệu pháp làm tan cục máu quy ước tạo nên cải tiến đáng kể trong cả tái thông mạch và tỷ lệ phục hồi hoàn toàn so với liệu pháp làm tan cục máu quy ước đơn độc — một tiến bộ lớn trong điều trị. &lt;br /&gt;--------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ghi chú&lt;br /&gt;Việc điều trị ban đầu của đột quỵ thiếu máu cục bộ thường xảy ra trong phòng cấp cứu của bệnh viện. Đây là khoảng thời gian quan trọng để thực hiện chẩn đoán đánh giá và lựa chọn điều trị. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Có một thành ngữ giữa các neurologists điều trị đột quỵ là " não là thời gian [&lt;strong&gt;Time is Brain&lt;/strong&gt;]." &lt;br /&gt;Đây là bằng chứng đặc biệt trong giai đoạn ngay sau sự khởi đầu của một đột quỵ thiếu máu. Hãy xem xét các thống kê sau đây:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Khoảng 32.000 tế bào thần kinh sẽ chết mỗi giây (1,9 triệu / phút)&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Trong cùng một phút đó, não sẽ mất 14 tỷ synapse, là các giao tiếp quan trọng giữa các tế bào thần kinh &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Cũng trong một phút đó có 7,5 dặm sợi myelin hoá bị mất, là vật liệu cách ly trên axon của tế bào thần kinh rất cần cho hoạt động đúng đắn của hệ thần kinh &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do đó điều trị bắt buộc bắt đầu càng nhanh càng tốt để phục hồi lưu lượng máu đến các vùng mất oxy của não ở hạ lưu của cục máu đông hoặc huyết khối.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-5772988842771879106?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/5772988842771879106/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=5772988842771879106' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5772988842771879106'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5772988842771879106'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/sonolysis-uoc-chuan-y-voi-ce.html' title='Clotbust ER, một SONOLYSIS SYSTEM được chuẩn y với CE'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JVMKp8CyxUo/TwbKWI6EtnI/AAAAAAAAEkw/-zhOA0TPWZg/s72-c/cerevast.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-3903113957104723104</id><published>2012-01-06T02:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-15T01:22:04.419-08:00</updated><title type='text'>CHỈ SỐ TK GIỮA/ ỐNG CỔ TAY</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L4GrXZZ6QVc/TwbJe--nURI/AAAAAAAAEkQ/bI29SfMMfBo/s1600/carpal+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="146" rea="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L4GrXZZ6QVc/TwbJe--nURI/AAAAAAAAEkQ/bI29SfMMfBo/s400/carpal+1.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-T-oKrK776TQ/TwbJky4_SkI/AAAAAAAAEkY/dJV5O4jarA4/s1600/carpal+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="343" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-T-oKrK776TQ/TwbJky4_SkI/AAAAAAAAEkY/dJV5O4jarA4/s400/carpal+2.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3l6H7mz_0N4/TwbJty3Ho4I/AAAAAAAAEkg/8dzJSWjs43A/s1600/carpal+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="393" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3l6H7mz_0N4/TwbJty3Ho4I/AAAAAAAAEkg/8dzJSWjs43A/s400/carpal+3.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xaHPQEIKMTk/TwbJ48qxiOI/AAAAAAAAEko/ffUCBCTVpkw/s1600/carpal+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" rea="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xaHPQEIKMTk/TwbJ48qxiOI/AAAAAAAAEko/ffUCBCTVpkw/s400/carpal+4.png" width="392" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-3903113957104723104?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/3903113957104723104/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=3903113957104723104' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/3903113957104723104'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/3903113957104723104'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/chi-so-tk-giua-ong-co-tay.html' title='CHỈ SỐ TK GIỮA/ ỐNG CỔ TAY'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L4GrXZZ6QVc/TwbJe--nURI/AAAAAAAAEkQ/bI29SfMMfBo/s72-c/carpal+1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-6200254862004479189</id><published>2012-01-06T02:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-07T22:41:20.318-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SonoLysis Therapy: Điều trị Stroke với Siêu âm</title><content type='html'>SONOLYSIS THERAPY: STROKE TREATMENT&amp;nbsp; with&amp;nbsp; ULTRASOUND&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Royal Philips Electronics đã công bố một thỏa thuận hợp tác với ImaRx Therapeutics, Inc., một công ty AZ , Tucson, để nâng cao sự phát triển của một cách điều trị mới cho đột quỵ thiếu máu cấp tính. Như báo chí phát hành nói, chi nhánh "Philips' Medical System sẽ cung cấp thiết bị siêu âm và hỗ trợ kỹ thuật cho ImaRx trong phòng thí nghiệm và nghiên cứu tiền lâm sàng. Mục tiêu của sự hợp tác là để xác định các thông số siêu âm tối ưu để sử dụng công nghệ độc quyền microbubble MRX-801 của ImaRx. " Công ty giữ kín về khả năng điều trị của microbubbles MRX-801, nhưng theo Securities Registration Statement (S-1) với SEC (của tất cả các nơi này), microbubbles đáp ứng nhanh siêu âm (ultrasound-responsive microbubbles) của công ty&amp;nbsp;là &lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;chuỗi phân tử lipid &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(lipid micelles).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Microbubbles MRX-801 là một một vỏ lipid&amp;nbsp;có&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;công thức độc quyền&amp;nbsp;chứa một khí biocompatible trơ. Kích thước submicron của microbubbles MRX-801 cho phép xâm nhập một cục máu đông, do đó khi siêu âm được dùng để mở rộng và co lại, hoặc tạo hốc (cavitation), có thể phá vỡ cục đông thành các hạt rất nhỏ. Sản phẩm đề cử này có tiềm năng điều trị rộng rãi các rối loạn mạch máu liên kết với cục máu đông.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Điều trị SonoLysis liên quan đến việc sử dụng microbubbles MRX-801 với siêu âm, nhưng không dùng thuốc tan cục máu (thrombolytic). Để điều trị với SonoLysis, MRX-801 microbubbles được tiêm tĩnh mạch, phân tán tự nhiên toàn cơ thể bao gồm vị trí của cục máu đông. Thiết bị siêu âm sau đó được dùng tại vị trí của cục máu đông, và năng lượng từ siêu âm làm cho microbubbles MRX-801 nở rộng và co lại mạnh hoặc tạo hốc. Sự tạo hốc này, cả làm vỡ cục máu về mặt cơ học lẫn nâng cao quá trình hòa tan cục đông tự nhiên của cơ thể. Khí phát từ MRX-801 microbubbles được xóa khỏi cơ thể sau đó chỉ đơn giản bằng cách thở ra, và vỏ lipid được xử lý như các chất béo khác trong cơ thể. Vì trị liệu SonoLysis không liên quan đến việc sử dụng thuốc thrombolytic và không có nguy cơ liên quan đến chảy máu, trị liệu SonoLysis có thể cung cấp những thuận lợi hơn điều trị hiện tại cho đột quỵ thiếu máu, trong đó mở rộng cửa sổ điều trị vượt ra ngoài ba giờ từ khởi đầu của triệu chứng và mở rộng điều trị sẵn có ở bệnh nhân chống chỉ định dùng thuốc thrombolytic do nguy cơ chảy máu. Chúng tôi chưa tiến hành bất kỳ thử nghiệm lâm sàng nào với microbubbles MRX- với siêu âm để điều trị cục máu mà không dùng loại thuốc thrombolytic. Chúng tôi ước tính rằng nếu được chấp thuận, hơn 200.000 bệnh nhân đột quỵ do thiếu máu tại Mỹ có thể hội đủ điều kiện để điều trị SonoLysis mỗi năm. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OUYVIAhbfFI/TwbIATBnFVI/AAAAAAAAEkI/furplZXzstU/s1600/sonoLysis.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="266" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OUYVIAhbfFI/TwbIATBnFVI/AAAAAAAAEkI/furplZXzstU/s640/sonoLysis.png" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oF84tAQN_Pg/TwbG-ma82lI/AAAAAAAAEj0/Sk-gRefDGKc/s1600/sonolysis+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" rea="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oF84tAQN_Pg/TwbG-ma82lI/AAAAAAAAEj0/Sk-gRefDGKc/s640/sonolysis+2.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bj2dtJtb-RA/TwbHK4iV4XI/AAAAAAAAEj8/_FkS1sC0zFo/s1600/sonolysis+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" rea="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bj2dtJtb-RA/TwbHK4iV4XI/AAAAAAAAEj8/_FkS1sC0zFo/s640/sonolysis+3.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-6200254862004479189?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/6200254862004479189/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=6200254862004479189' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/6200254862004479189'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/6200254862004479189'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/sonolysis-therapy-ieu-tri-stroke-voi.html' title='SonoLysis Therapy: Điều trị Stroke với Siêu âm'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OUYVIAhbfFI/TwbIATBnFVI/AAAAAAAAEkI/furplZXzstU/s72-c/sonoLysis.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-2961412654803206177</id><published>2012-01-04T22:13:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-15T01:18:47.493-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SIÊU ÂM BỆNH LÝ DA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-s--S2q6G7hc/TwU6S59_r5I/AAAAAAAAEf8/OjJzFvfW1s8/s1600/Slide1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-s--S2q6G7hc/TwU6S59_r5I/AAAAAAAAEf8/OjJzFvfW1s8/s640/Slide1.JPG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bT4LWAHoR7Y/TwU6XQSpZMI/AAAAAAAAEgI/sSYJysJltYA/s1600/Slide2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bT4LWAHoR7Y/TwU6XQSpZMI/AAAAAAAAEgI/sSYJysJltYA/s400/Slide2.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kU3QYmWpwZU/TwU6bSvswdI/AAAAAAAAEgU/fYP8Ks_BG-A/s1600/Slide3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kU3QYmWpwZU/TwU6bSvswdI/AAAAAAAAEgU/fYP8Ks_BG-A/s400/Slide3.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MK4IEmlDL2M/TwU6u4hLaHI/AAAAAAAAEg0/kL7eafkIx_o/s1600/Slide4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MK4IEmlDL2M/TwU6u4hLaHI/AAAAAAAAEg0/kL7eafkIx_o/s400/Slide4.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VkdooGxU1-g/TwU6kbdKJ1I/AAAAAAAAEgo/sCeO2-ugMTw/s1600/Slide5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VkdooGxU1-g/TwU6kbdKJ1I/AAAAAAAAEgo/sCeO2-ugMTw/s400/Slide5.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rQ7M2NBAefQ/TwU62tMzQBI/AAAAAAAAEhA/vLKjtJGSjOE/s1600/Slide6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-rQ7M2NBAefQ/TwU62tMzQBI/AAAAAAAAEhA/vLKjtJGSjOE/s400/Slide6.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-awOu_e5xplU/TwU68OlHDkI/AAAAAAAAEhM/mjFOz8QLWqA/s1600/Slide7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-awOu_e5xplU/TwU68OlHDkI/AAAAAAAAEhM/mjFOz8QLWqA/s400/Slide7.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E3ZNMBMoSms/TwU7d-pGhiI/AAAAAAAAEhY/eO7WPoe0WUM/s1600/Slide8.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E3ZNMBMoSms/TwU7d-pGhiI/AAAAAAAAEhY/eO7WPoe0WUM/s400/Slide8.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YKrm55WBXkg/TwWuqg7Mz9I/AAAAAAAAEjM/SwcY2Ndex-k/s1600/Slide9.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YKrm55WBXkg/TwWuqg7Mz9I/AAAAAAAAEjM/SwcY2Ndex-k/s400/Slide9.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MAGh6A4VcbE/TwWuvj8clvI/AAAAAAAAEjY/Y_908CDI6NM/s1600/Slide10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MAGh6A4VcbE/TwWuvj8clvI/AAAAAAAAEjY/Y_908CDI6NM/s400/Slide10.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IWqDrjdWvjM/TwWuzg0J9sI/AAAAAAAAEjk/2iTr8Cb--o8/s1600/Slide11.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IWqDrjdWvjM/TwWuzg0J9sI/AAAAAAAAEjk/2iTr8Cb--o8/s400/Slide11.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FfyNkGaO7LY/TwU8fFnarTI/AAAAAAAAEiI/uKnoubj1EE8/s1600/Slide12.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FfyNkGaO7LY/TwU8fFnarTI/AAAAAAAAEiI/uKnoubj1EE8/s400/Slide12.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-slLcP5nqV9k/TwU-XfKGcJI/AAAAAAAAEi0/gtvwqP5LCWs/s1600/Slide13.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-slLcP5nqV9k/TwU-XfKGcJI/AAAAAAAAEi0/gtvwqP5LCWs/s400/Slide13.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ayTLecSD3yo/TwU8wd_CD-I/AAAAAAAAEic/ieK7-IaXZ24/s1600/Slide14.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ayTLecSD3yo/TwU8wd_CD-I/AAAAAAAAEic/ieK7-IaXZ24/s400/Slide14.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JpgA7FtkATk/TwU896XOTnI/AAAAAAAAEio/ynEfsL7DFA0/s1600/Slide15.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JpgA7FtkATk/TwU896XOTnI/AAAAAAAAEio/ynEfsL7DFA0/s400/Slide15.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-2961412654803206177?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/2961412654803206177/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=2961412654803206177' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/2961412654803206177'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/2961412654803206177'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/dermatologic-ultrasound.html' title='SIÊU ÂM BỆNH LÝ DA'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-s--S2q6G7hc/TwU6S59_r5I/AAAAAAAAEf8/OjJzFvfW1s8/s72-c/Slide1.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-5698363575463653827</id><published>2012-01-02T06:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-02T06:21:20.876-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Sonoelastography for 1786 Non-Palpable Breast Masses</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qaXeHX9OSR0/TwG8ZZGwFnI/AAAAAAAAEdg/2zpZTLRSirQ/s1600/Slide2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" rea="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qaXeHX9OSR0/TwG8ZZGwFnI/AAAAAAAAEdg/2zpZTLRSirQ/s640/Slide2.JPG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sonoelastography for 1786 non-palpable breast masses: diagnostic value in the decision to biopsy.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yi A, Cho N, Chang JM, Koo HR, La Yun B, Moon WK.&lt;br /&gt;Eur Radiol. 2011 Nov 25. [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic value of sonoelastography by correlation with histopathology compared with conventional ultrasound on the decision to biopsy.&lt;br /&gt;METHODS: Prospectively determined BI-RADS categories of conventional ultrasound and elasticity scores from strain sonoelastography of 1786 non-palpable breast masses (1,523 benign and 263 malignant) in 1,538 women were correlated with histopathology. The sensitivity and specificity of two imaging techniques were compared regarding the decision to biopsy. We also investigated whether there was a subset of benign masses that were recommended for biopsy by B-mode ultrasound but that had a less than 2% malignancy rate with the addition of sonoelastography.&lt;br /&gt;RESULTS: The mean elasticity score of malignant lesions was higher than that of benign lesions (2.94 ± 1.10 vs. 1.78 ± 0.81) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). In the decision to biopsy, B-mode ultrasound had higher sensitivity than sonoelastography (98.5% vs. 93.2%) (P &amp;lt; 0.001), whereas sonoelastography had higher specificity than B-mode ultrasound (42.6% vs. 16.3%) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). BI-RADS category 4a lesions with an elasticity score of 1 had a malignancy rate of 0.8%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSIONS: Sonoelastography has higher specificity than B-mode ultrasound in the differentiation between benign and malignant masses and has the potential to reduce biopsies with benign results.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KEY POINTS: &lt;br /&gt;• Sonoelastography has higher specificity than B-mode ultrasound in distinguishing benign from malignant masses. • Sonoelastography could potentially help reduce the number of biopsies with benign results. &lt;br /&gt;• Lesion stiffness on sonoelastography correlated with the malignant potential of the lesion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c0KZLCUQJ08/TwG8gMnRDVI/AAAAAAAAEds/al-MH3THwfE/s1600/Slide3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" rea="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c0KZLCUQJ08/TwG8gMnRDVI/AAAAAAAAEds/al-MH3THwfE/s640/Slide3.JPG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-M4bcSipm3kI/TwG8j5-unBI/AAAAAAAAEd4/dE1xr2Wo7nE/s1600/Slide4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-M4bcSipm3kI/TwG8j5-unBI/AAAAAAAAEd4/dE1xr2Wo7nE/s640/Slide4.JPG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-01CiQsrU9SI/TwG8mxDIPuI/AAAAAAAAEeE/pkT2S_Iu0JU/s1600/Slide5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-01CiQsrU9SI/TwG8mxDIPuI/AAAAAAAAEeE/pkT2S_Iu0JU/s640/Slide5.JPG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jB6DBTFLMfU/TwG8p2JMEFI/AAAAAAAAEeQ/rxCZHM0K8kY/s1600/Slide6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jB6DBTFLMfU/TwG8p2JMEFI/AAAAAAAAEeQ/rxCZHM0K8kY/s640/Slide6.JPG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oKxNmjNiHYU/TwG8tNlSvCI/AAAAAAAAEec/FmyKKbsSP7Q/s1600/Slide7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" rea="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oKxNmjNiHYU/TwG8tNlSvCI/AAAAAAAAEec/FmyKKbsSP7Q/s640/Slide7.JPG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-5698363575463653827?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/5698363575463653827/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=5698363575463653827' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5698363575463653827'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5698363575463653827'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2012/01/sonoelastography-for-1786-non-palpable.html' title='Sonoelastography for 1786 Non-Palpable Breast Masses'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qaXeHX9OSR0/TwG8ZZGwFnI/AAAAAAAAEdg/2zpZTLRSirQ/s72-c/Slide2.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-3788176367156970362</id><published>2011-12-30T05:59:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-03-04T05:41:26.236-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Real-time Sonoelastography of Major Salivary Gland Tumors</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Real-time Sonoelastography of Major Salivary Gland Tumors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="O" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Dana Dumitriu, Sorin Dudea, Carolina Botar-Jid, Mihaela Băciuț, Grigore Băciuț, Dumitriu D, Dudea S, Botar-Jid C, Băciuț M,&amp;nbsp; Băciuț G &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;AJR 2011; 197:W924–W930 © American Roentgen Ray Society&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of real-time sonoelastography in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Between 2007 and 2010, 74 salivary gland tumors were examined by ultrasound and sonoelastography in 66 patients. Lesions were graded according to a 4-point elastography score. Surgical excision and histopathologic examination were performed in all cases. The difference in elastographic score between benign and malignant masses and that between pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors were evaluated.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PvXuoR3FpgQ/Tv3BB-H4wLI/AAAAAAAAEbI/yeLUL8ne7Dc/s1600/salivary+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="140" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PvXuoR3FpgQ/Tv3BB-H4wLI/AAAAAAAAEbI/yeLUL8ne7Dc/s320/salivary+1.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-llEI2QLqWz4/Tv3BHFQyyOI/AAAAAAAAEbU/OVU7OThW9jw/s1600/Salivary+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-llEI2QLqWz4/Tv3BHFQyyOI/AAAAAAAAEbU/OVU7OThW9jw/s320/Salivary+2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;RESULTS. Of the 74 salivary tumors, 63 were located in the parotid, and 11 were in the submandibular gland. There were 18 malignant and 56 benign tumors. The mean (± SD) elastographic score was 2.58 ± 0.87 for pleomorphic adenomas, 2.15 ± 0.80 for Warthin tumors, 2.00 ± 0.57 for other benign tumors, and 2.94 ± 0.87 for malignant tumors. For benign tumors overall, the mean elastographic score was 2.41 ± 0.87. The difference in elastographic score between benign and malignant tumors overall was statistically significant (p &amp;gt; 0.05), but the difference between malignant tumors and pleomorphic adenomas and that between Warthin tumors and pleomorphic adenomas were not statistically significant. Using cutoff values between scores 2 and 3 and scores 3 and 4, there was no statistically significant difference between benign and malignant tumors.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zK3vMGLRLx4/Tv3BTbjbGfI/AAAAAAAAEbg/761aJNDQckg/s1600/salivary+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="165" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zK3vMGLRLx4/Tv3BTbjbGfI/AAAAAAAAEbg/761aJNDQckg/s400/salivary+3.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dcTpxUi2Hu4/Tv3BYRZqoWI/AAAAAAAAEbs/V9neZiRME58/s1600/salivary+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="176" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dcTpxUi2Hu4/Tv3BYRZqoWI/AAAAAAAAEbs/V9neZiRME58/s400/salivary+4.png" width="400" /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-O2PhDByi0O4/Tv3DPlYpIhI/AAAAAAAAEco/LuOszM7--4g/s1600/salivary+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="151" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-O2PhDByi0O4/Tv3DPlYpIhI/AAAAAAAAEco/LuOszM7--4g/s400/salivary+2.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mGPErzC__D4/Tv3BfT_BFpI/AAAAAAAAEb4/uI2eIddROc8/s1600/salivary+6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="150" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mGPErzC__D4/Tv3BfT_BFpI/AAAAAAAAEb4/uI2eIddROc8/s400/salivary+6.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-H3m4IyxfCeU/Tv3BqfoFFnI/AAAAAAAAEcE/-x-wQot8RgY/s1600/salivary+7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="156" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-H3m4IyxfCeU/Tv3BqfoFFnI/AAAAAAAAEcE/-x-wQot8RgY/s400/salivary+7.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fIDxeH4Dzjw/Tv3BxG9lssI/AAAAAAAAEcQ/0t4xSiK0jCU/s1600/Salivary+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fIDxeH4Dzjw/Tv3BxG9lssI/AAAAAAAAEcQ/0t4xSiK0jCU/s400/Salivary+8.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;CONCLUSION. Although this study revealed a difference in elastographic score between benign and malignant tumors, detailed analysis did not provide consistent results. Consequently, real-time sonoelastography appears &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;to be a limited technique in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant salivary masses.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-----------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ARFI of WARTHIN TUMOR from MEDIC MEDICAL CENTER, HCMC, VIETNAM&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Man 62 yo suffered from swollen parotid region both 2 sides and submandibular nodes for 1 month. Ultrasound detected ovoid lesion in parotid gland&amp;nbsp;with small lacuna and hypervascular.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bP4O_5AU0XA/T1NvDSWhjuI/AAAAAAAAFK4/BTnzgd-RYyM/s1600/ARFI+of+WARTHIN+TUMOR+0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bP4O_5AU0XA/T1NvDSWhjuI/AAAAAAAAFK4/BTnzgd-RYyM/s400/ARFI+of+WARTHIN+TUMOR+0.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ARFI technique shows lesion in&amp;nbsp;dark mixed&amp;nbsp;color in comparison to parotid parenchyma (VTI) and&amp;nbsp;stiffen&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;with a range of elastic velocity from 2.4 to 6.3m/s.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DeaDN67ILRg/T1Nt0OWBOFI/AAAAAAAAFKo/zKGW0kNF5qk/s1600/ARFI+of+WARTHIN+TUMOR+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DeaDN67ILRg/T1Nt0OWBOFI/AAAAAAAAFKo/zKGW0kNF5qk/s400/ARFI+of+WARTHIN+TUMOR+3.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oJtJXqukNgA/T1Nt49tR8ZI/AAAAAAAAFKw/_kUMgyq3Fs8/s1600/ARFI+of+WARTHIN+TUMOR+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oJtJXqukNgA/T1Nt49tR8ZI/AAAAAAAAFKw/_kUMgyq3Fs8/s400/ARFI+of+WARTHIN+TUMOR+4.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="O" v:shape="_x0000_s1026"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-geSJjbj5ppU/T1NsswFTsuI/AAAAAAAAFKg/qx9hYhf7Zpo/s1600/ARFI+of+WARTHIN+TUMOR+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-geSJjbj5ppU/T1NsswFTsuI/AAAAAAAAFKg/qx9hYhf7Zpo/s400/ARFI+of+WARTHIN+TUMOR+2.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="mso-line-spacing: &amp;quot;100 20 0&amp;quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 156%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #ffffcc; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 70%; left: -4.1%; mso-color-index: 6; mso-special-format: bullet; position: absolute; top: 0.39em;"&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="mso-line-spacing: &amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;"&gt;FNAC was done and pathohistological result prove a Warthin tumor of parotid.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="mso-line-spacing: &amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SkSqWGuLC-4/T1Nwjs-_CFI/AAAAAAAAFLQ/zZx7arhGzH4/s1600/warthin+FNAC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="254" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SkSqWGuLC-4/T1Nwjs-_CFI/AAAAAAAAFLQ/zZx7arhGzH4/s320/warthin+FNAC.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="mso-line-spacing: &amp;quot;100 50 0&amp;quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-3788176367156970362?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/3788176367156970362/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=3788176367156970362' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/3788176367156970362'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/3788176367156970362'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2011/12/real-time-sonoelastography-of-major.html' title='Real-time Sonoelastography of Major Salivary Gland Tumors'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PvXuoR3FpgQ/Tv3BB-H4wLI/AAAAAAAAEbI/yeLUL8ne7Dc/s72-c/salivary+1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-5337323191788072655</id><published>2011-12-30T00:59:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-01T01:58:23.836-08:00</updated><title type='text'>NHÂN CA SARCOIDOSIS DƯỚI DA TẠI MEDIC</title><content type='html'>Xem &lt;a href="http://sieuammedic.blogspot.com/2011/12/subcutaneous-nodes-with-6-year-history.html"&gt;subcutaneous node of sarcoidosis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YSJGOSlKZoM/Tv2BlJ0xRdI/AAAAAAAAEaM/uuyadmxqA4M/s1600/SAR_0002.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YSJGOSlKZoM/Tv2BlJ0xRdI/AAAAAAAAEaM/uuyadmxqA4M/s320/SAR_0002.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Rp-qr1734mw/Tv2BsN52S8I/AAAAAAAAEaY/SJ9eYtllQ4Q/s1600/SAR_0003.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Rp-qr1734mw/Tv2BsN52S8I/AAAAAAAAEaY/SJ9eYtllQ4Q/s320/SAR_0003.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Multiple hepatosplenic nodules, &lt;/b&gt;. A N Hegde,&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp; A Kohli, &lt;i&gt;British Journal of Radiology&lt;span class="slug-pub-date"&gt; (2005) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="slug-vol"&gt;78, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="slug-pages"&gt;1116-1117&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;50-year-old female with complaints of vague pain in epigastric region of the abdomen for 2 weeks and mild dyspnoea for 2–3 years was referred for an ultrasound examination of the abdomen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ultrasound revealed multiple round to oval heterogeneous, predominantly hyperechoic, lesions in both lobes of the liver (Figure 1⇓). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-apUwaRHUtQg/Tv2SBm1O_uI/AAAAAAAAEaw/NwGhcZ6BLYE/s1600/sarcoidosis+1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="326" rea="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-apUwaRHUtQg/Tv2SBm1O_uI/AAAAAAAAEaw/NwGhcZ6BLYE/s400/sarcoidosis+1.gif" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ultrasound image shows a heterogeneous, predominantly hyperechoic lesion in right lobe of liver.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For further evaluation, a contrast enhanced CT (CECT) scan of the abdomen (Figure 2⇓) was performed which revealed multiple discrete hypodense nodules varying in size between 0.5 cm and 2 cm scattered in the liver and spleen. The lesions did not enhance on administration of intravenous non-ionic contrast. Liver and spleen were normal in size. In view of the possibility of these representing metastatic deposits, a CT scan of the chest (Figure 3⇓⇓) was performed to look for other metastatic lesions/primary in the lungs. However, the high resolution CT (HRCT) images showed characteristic nodular peribronchovascular interstitial thickening and small nodules in relation to the pleural surfaces, interlobular septa and centrilobular structures. Additionally, areas of bronchiectasis, septal thickening and fibrosis were noted. What is the diagnosis? What further tests should be carried out to confirm this? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w05xf1y4sro/Tv2SJ7Jf8yI/AAAAAAAAEa8/X6fP3Exli8Q/s1600/sarcoidosis+4.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="348" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w05xf1y4sro/Tv2SJ7Jf8yI/AAAAAAAAEa8/X6fP3Exli8Q/s400/sarcoidosis+4.gif" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 4. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hyperechoic nodule in spleen without any posterior acoustic shadowing. This was observed on a retrospective viewing of the ultrasound images. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the basis of the HRCT, a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made. The nodules in the liver and spleen were attributed to sarcoid granulomas. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A core biopsy of one of the hepatic lesions was then performed which revealed characteristic non-caseating granulomas, thus confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Discussion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sarcoidosis is a common granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology, which involves the thorax in more than 90% of cases. However, extrathoracic manifestations, particularly infradiaphragmatic involvement are also common and may be the sole or predominant feature [1]. At CT, the liver and spleen may be normal or enlarged without any obvious focal lesions. In 5–15% of cases, however, sarcoidosis manifests as multiple, low attenuation nodules. It can then be easily mistaken for lymphoma, metastatic disease, or infection [2]. The age of onset is usually in the third decade. Common presentations include fatigue, malaise, weakness and weight loss. Respiratory involvement presents as cough, dyspnoea and rarely with haemoptysis. Abdominal symptoms include pain, nausea and vomiting. Hepatosplenomegaly may be present. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ultrasound may demonstrate hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly. This may be associated with a diffuse or inhomogeneous increase in the parenchymal echogenicity. The liver may have a nodular surface. The granulomas in the spleen appear as focal bright echogenic foci with or without acoustic shadowing [3]. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On CT, findings of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and focal lesions in the liver and spleen have been described [2]. Low attenuation nodules in the liver and spleen are infrequent manifestations of sarcoidosis. In a series of 59 patients with sarcoidosis who underwent abdominal CT, low attenuation nodules were seen in liver of 3 patients and in spleen of 8 patients [4]. On CT, the hepatic nodules are small, of low attenuation and vary in size between 0.2 cm and 1.9 cm. Splenic nodules are described as being multiple, of low attenuation and varying in size between 0.3 cm and 2 cm. The nodules are discrete and scattered throughout the liver and spleen. With increasing size, however, nodules tend to become confluent. Hepatosplenomegaly and adenopathy involving porta hepatis, para-aortic region, coeliac axis, superior mesenteric artery, gastrohepatic ligament and retrocrural region have been described [5]. However, no strong relationship has been found between presence of nodules and liver or spleen size [2]. A study by Warhauser et al demonstrated striking elevations in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels in patients with nodular sarcoidosis in liver and spleen with a mean elevation of 2.6 times the upper limit of normal [5]. This level suggests both a clinically important disease and a large total body burden of disease. The pathological significance of the hepatosplenic nodules is unclear. In one series, partial or complete resolution of the nodules occurred with steroid therapy in a few patients who were followed up on CT [5]. There is no correlation between nodular hepatosplenic sarcoidosis and advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis [5]. It is important to recognize the nodular appearance of hepatosplenic sarcoidosis to distinguish it from more common causes of low attenuation nodules in liver and spleen, which include infection, metastatic disease and lymphoma [5]. Liver lesions may simulate disseminated hepatic micro abscesses such as those seen in Candida, Staphylococcus and Aspergillus infections. More significant is the close resemblance between sarcoidosis and lymphoma, both clinically and radiologically. Both present with similar symptoms and can be associated with adenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. On CT, both show nodular lesions in liver and spleen, hepatosplenomegaly and adenopathy. Retrocrural adenopathy, however, was found to be less common in sarcoidosis than in lymphoma. Lymph nodes were also smaller and more discrete in sarcoidosis than in lymphoma (mean 2.6 cm in sarcoid as compared with 8 cm in lymphoma) [5]. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In conclusion, when unexplained focal hepatic and splenic lesions are encountered on imaging, sinister causes like metastasis and lymphoma must be ruled out first and a possibility of sarcoidosis must be kept in mind. Differentiation between focal lesions of sarcoidosis and those of other causes on imaging is difficult. Other findings like organomegaly and adenopathy should be sought. If adenopathy is present, its size, presence of conglomeration and involvement of retrocrural lymph nodes can help to differentiate between sarcoid and lymphoma. A chest radiograph or HRCT of the chest is worthwhile as it may show the characteristic changes of sarcoidosis. This may spare the patient an invasive confirmatory biopsy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sarcoidosis - Bệnh sarcoid&lt;/b&gt;, BS Liêu Vĩnh Bình &lt;br /&gt;http://www.medicinemodernlife.com/default.asp?id=707&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Định nghĩa&lt;/b&gt;: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sarcoidosis là 1 bệnh, mà nguyên nhân chưa được biết rõ, gây ra những phản ứng viêm (inflammation) tại các nơi như: Hạch bạch huyết (lymph nodes), phổi, gan, mắt, da hoặc các mô khác.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sarcoidosis biểu hiện bằng những khối u nhỏ (granulomas) gây ra bởi phản ứng viêm bất thường (abnormal inflammatory masses) trong cơ thể . Bệnh sarcoid có thể tấn công mọi cơ quan trong người, nhưng phổi là nơi thường xảy ra nhất. Bệnh có thể xảy ra đột ngột (acute), hoặc từ từ (subacute) hoặc kinh niên (chronic).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nguyên nhân gây ra sarcoidosis có thể là do: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dị ứng hay mẫn cảm (hypersensitivity) với môi trường chung quanh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di truyền.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Phản ứng thái quá của cơ thể đối với sự nhiễm trùng. Người da đen ở Mỹ bị sarcoidosis nhiều hơn người da trắng, nữ bị bệnh nhiều hơn phái nam. Thường bệnh khởi đầu vào khoảng 20 đên 40 tuổi, rất hiếm khi xảy ra ở trẻ con.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Triệu chứng&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mệt mõi rã rời (malaise)&lt;br /&gt;Nóng sốt&lt;br /&gt;Khó thở&lt;br /&gt;Ho&lt;br /&gt;Nổi những mụt nhỏ màu đỏ trên da trong mình, cùi chỏ, mặt ..., có khi mụt u dưới dạng lớn hơn và có vảy trắng.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nổi nhiều mảng đỏ và đau trên da (hồng ban nút, erythema nodosum), thường xảy ra ở trước xương chày (tibia) . Chú ý erythema nodosum có thể xảy ra ở bất cứ chổ nào trên cơ thể và còn là triệu chứng của nhiều bệnh khác như: lao (tuberculosis,TB), sarcoidosis, coccidioidomycosis, systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), nấm (fungal infections), hoặc bị phản ứng với thuốc (response to medications).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nhức đầu.&lt;br /&gt;Thị giác hoặc thần kinh bị ảnh hưởng&lt;br /&gt;Các hạch bạch huyết , thường ở dưới nách, to lên.&lt;br /&gt;Gan, lá lách sưng lớn.&lt;br /&gt;Khô miệng.&lt;br /&gt;Đối với trẻ em thường nhất là lừ đừ (fatigue) và xuống cân.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chú ý: Cũng có khi bệnh nhân không có triệu chứng gì hết, tình cờ chụp phim phổi mới thấy bệnh mà thôi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Xét nghiệm&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gồm thử nghiệm máu, chụp hình phổi, làm sinh thiết (biopsy) da, &amp;nbsp;hạch bạch huyết, phổi, gan, thận.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Chữa trị&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bệnh sarcoid thường sẽ dần dần tự khỏi mà không cần phải chữa trị.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Những người bị bệnh nặng thì mới cần đến thuốc corticosteroids. Đôi khi phải dùng thuốc liên tục một hai năm, có người còn phải dùng đến suốt đời.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Đôi khi còn phải dùng thêm các thứ thuốc ức chế hệ thống miễn nhiểm như: methotrexate, azathioprine, và cyclophosphamide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trong vài trường hợp thật hiếm xảy ra, bệnh nhân phải được thay các cơ quan đã bị huỷ diệt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tiên lượng&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hầu hết bệnh nhân đều không bị bệnh nặng nên không cần chữa trị, 30% đến 50% người mắc bệnh sẽ lành hẵn trong vòng 3 năm. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;20% những người bị sarcoid trong phổi sẽ có những dư chứng về sau.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ít khi nào có ai chết vì bệnh này.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Biến chứng&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tổn thương các mô trong phổi (diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis).&lt;br /&gt;Tăng huyết áp trong phổi (pulmonary hypertension).&lt;br /&gt;Viêm phần trước mô mắt (anterior uveitis).&lt;br /&gt;Tăng nhãn áp (glaucoma).&lt;br /&gt;Liệt dây thần kinh (cranial or peripheral nerve palsies)&lt;br /&gt;Sạn thận.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nếu bệnh nhân thấy khó thở, mắt nhìn không rõ, hay hồi hộp (palpitation) thì nên đến gặp bác sĩ ngay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Bàn luận (Bs Nguyễn Cường Nam dịch, Medic Optic)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sarcoidosis là một hỗn loạn viêm ở nhiều cơ quan có thể tác động vào bất cứ phần nào của cơ thể.Tuy nhiên mắt, tuyến lệ, phổi, hạch bạch huyết và tuyến nước bọt dễ bị nhất. Về mô học được biểu thị bởi bướu hạt không có caseum, tần xuất cao nhất từ 30 - 39 tuổi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán là sarcoidosis, các biểu hiện ở mắt thấy từ 50 - 78%, viêm màng bồ đào trước thường thấy. Các nốt thâm nhập và tân mạch góc thường gây nhãn áp cao. Những dấu hiệu khác là nốt Koepe ở mống mắt và KP ở giác mạc. Ở bán phần sau có thể thấy xuất tiết chung quanh mạch, viêm thể kính thấy ở 30% trường hợp. Chẩn đoán trên sinh thiết là tiêu chuẩn cơ bản. Nếu thấy mức ACE&amp;nbsp; (angiotensin converting enzyme) cao và có hạch ở cuống phổi 2 bên thì nghĩ ngay đến sarcoidosis và khởi đầu điều trị ngay. Điều quan trọng là ACE chỉ cao ở 60% bệnh nhân bị sarcoidosis và cũng có thể cao ở bệnh nhân bị tiểu đường, cùi hủi, lao...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RK3juUAAYKg/Tv17qxb00kI/AAAAAAAAEZw/_MCF0mgR2zM/s1600/Hach2+bencuongphoi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" rea="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RK3juUAAYKg/Tv17qxb00kI/AAAAAAAAEZw/_MCF0mgR2zM/s320/Hach2+bencuongphoi.jpg" width="264" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Bệnh sarcoidosis liên quan đến bệnh lý ở gan&lt;/b&gt; (TS. Nguyễn Thị Lai , BV Hữu nghị Hà Nội, Báo Sức khỏe và Đời sống): &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sarcoidosis hay còn gọi là bệnh u hạt lympho lành tính. Trên da là các sẩn, các cục sâu dưới da, có thể rải rác hoặc tập trung thành mảng, sờ vào thấy chắc. Nền da màu đỏ, có thể có dãn mạch kèm theo. Có thể ngứa hoặc không ngứa. Tổn thương da thường có vài đám hoặc rất nhiều đám khu trú ở da mặt và rải rác ở thân mình. Các sẩn, các cục này tồn tại một thời gian rồi màu đỏ nhạt dần và có thể vỡ ra, loét, tiết dịch đôi khi có mủ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Một số trường hợp lại bị đỏ da toàn thân trông giống như vảy cá hoặc vảy nến. Sinh thiết da thấy các u hạt không đặc hiệu, giống như trong hồng ban nút. Sarcoidosis có thể chỉ có biểu hiện ngoài da và cũng có thể có tổn thương ở các cơ quan khác. Khi có tổn thương ở cả các cơ quan khác thì gọi là sarcoidosis hệ thống. Đồng thời với tổn thương ngoài da, bệnh nhân còn có các biểu hiện ở các phủ tạng như: gan, thận, phổi, hệ thống hạch lympho, mắt... Trong sarcoidosis hệ thống thì gan có biểu hiện lâm sàng ở 20% nhưng sinh thiết gan thấy có tổn thương ở 60% các trường hợp. Thường là gan to, có thể xơ gan, sinh thiết thấy các u hạt hoặc các u lao điển hình, có tăng alkaline phosphatase huyết thanh và tăng cholesterol máu. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-5337323191788072655?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/5337323191788072655/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=5337323191788072655' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5337323191788072655'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/5337323191788072655'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2011/12/nhan-ca-sarcoidosis-tai-medic.html' title='NHÂN CA SARCOIDOSIS DƯỚI DA TẠI MEDIC'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YSJGOSlKZoM/Tv2BlJ0xRdI/AAAAAAAAEaM/uuyadmxqA4M/s72-c/SAR_0002.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-8493759307711797083</id><published>2011-12-25T00:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-28T06:45:08.531-08:00</updated><title type='text'>VISCERAL ADIPOSITY</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;The clinical importance of visceral adiposity: a critical review of methods for visceral adipose tissue analysis,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;A SHUSTER,&amp;nbsp; M PATLAS, J H PINTHUS,&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp; M MOURTZAKIS, The British Journal of Radiology, 85 (2012), 1–10&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tóm tắt:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Như là kết quả của gia tăng bệnh béo phì thành dịch, hiểu biết về phân phối mỡ cơ thể và ý nghĩa lâm sàng của nó là rất quan trọng để điều trị kịp thời. Mô mỡ nội tạng là thành phần hoạt động kích thích tố của mỡ cơ thể, có đặc tính sinh hóa độc đáo có ảnh hưởng đến một số tiến trình bình thường và bệnh lý trong cơ thể. Mô mỡ nội tạng lắng đọng cao bất thường được gọi là béo phì nội tạng. Kiểu hình thành phần cơ thể này liên kết với các rối loạn nội khoa như hội chứng chuyển hoá, bệnh tim mạch và một số bệnh l‎í ác tính gồm ung thư tuyến tiền liệt, vú và đại trực tràng. Đánh giá định lượng của béo phì nội tạng là quan trọng đối với việc đánh giá nguy cơ tiềm tàng phát triển của những bệnh l‎í này, cũng như tiên lượng chính xác. Bài này nhằm mục đích so sánh các phương pháp khác nhau để đo béo phì nội tạng và những thuận lợi và nhược điểm trong thực hành lâm sàng.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wBh6G0PVv7s/TvbgAqu5UyI/AAAAAAAAEVA/iawP5cTLPLA/s1600/visceral+adiposity+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="225" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wBh6G0PVv7s/TvbgAqu5UyI/AAAAAAAAEVA/iawP5cTLPLA/s400/visceral+adiposity+1.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Mô mỡ cơ thể theo truyền thống được phân phối vào hai ngăn chính với các đặc điểm biến dưỡng khác nhau: mô mỡ dưới da (&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;subcutaneous adipose tissue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;SAT) và mô mỡ nội tạng (&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt;visceral adipose tissue,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;VAT). Cả hai loại mô này đều quan trọng, nhưng tình trạng béo phì nội tạng (visceral adiposity) được đặc biệt chú ý trực tiếp vì kết hợp nhiều bệnh l‎‎‎‎‎í nội khoa khác nhau. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Siêu âm là kỹ thuật thích hợp để ước tính mô mỡ dưới da và trong bụng. Thời gian cần thiết để đo rất ngắn, nhưng độ chính xác và tính lập lại kém. Bellisari và cs đã chứng minh rằng siêu âm đo đạc về mô mỡ trong bụng có hệ số biến thiên là 64% và do đó khuyến cáo không nên dùng siêu âm đo mỡ nội tạng. Một số nghiên cứu đã cho thấy có tương quan tốt giữa số đo siêu âm và CT lượng mô mỡ trong bụng, cũng như tính hữu dụng của siêu âm trong chẩn đoán béo phì tạng. Đánh giá của siêu âm về mô mỡ trong bụng đầu tiên do Armellini và cs, cho thấy tương quan giữa siêu âm và CT là 0,68–0,74 (khá tốt).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Tuy nhiên, có thể sử dụng siêu âm để ước tính tỷ lệ của độ dày của lớp mỡ trước phúc mạc ( từ mặt trước của gan đến đường trắng giữa bụng, linea alba) và mỡ dưới da bụng, được gọi là chỉ số mỡ thành bụng (abdominal wall fat index, xem hình 2). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VXpekzd79iI/TvbgKbinEsI/AAAAAAAAEVM/4IuVyN1hKbI/s1600/visceral+adiposity+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="235" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VXpekzd79iI/TvbgKbinEsI/AAAAAAAAEVM/4IuVyN1hKbI/s400/visceral+adiposity+2.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="VI" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: VI; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Chỉ số này được so sánh với tỷ lệ &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;VAT- SAT của CT và có tương quan dương tính với các mức độ triglyceride huyết thanh và tương quan nghịch với high-density lipoprotein. Các kết quả này gợi ý rằng các chỉ số mỡ thành bụng đo bằng siêu âm có thể dự đoán lắng đọng mỡ nội tạng và cuối cùng dự đoán rối loạn chuyển hoá liên quan đến biến dưỡng lipid và glucose. Việc sử dụng siêu âm để đo độ dày nội tạng từ bờ sau cơ bụng đến động mạch chủ bụng (hình 2),&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;cột sống thắt lưng hoặc cơ psoas có cũng tương quan tốt với VAT được đo bằng&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;CT (r = 0,669, p&amp;nbsp;&amp;gt; 0,001), cũng chứng minh rằng siêu âm có thể hữu ích trong việc đánh giá mô mỡ trong bụng. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-32_2QJspZqA/Tvcatlk360I/AAAAAAAAEVY/kpRlF79TrII/s1600/visceral+adiposity+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="242" rea="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-32_2QJspZqA/Tvcatlk360I/AAAAAAAAEVY/kpRlF79TrII/s400/visceral+adiposity+3.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Tuy nhiên, cần thận trọng khi đọc kết quả đo vì tuỳ thuộc với kinh nghiệm và khả năng của người nghiên cứu. Cần có phương pháp siêu âm đánh giá khách quan về VAT và có tính lập lại trong các khảo sát về sau.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Tạo hình siêu âm đánh giá độ lớn tổng quát của mô mỡ trong bụng dễ dàng nhưng rõ ràng có giới hạn về độ tin cậy. Các kỹ thuật siêu âm vẫn còn phụ thuộc người khám trong định lượng thành phần cơ thể. Với máy siêu âm sẵn có, với các biện pháp phòng ngừa phù hợp cho giao thức khám để thúc đẩy sự đồng bộ, siêu âm có thể đo tình trạng béo phì nội tạng một cách thiết thực.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-8493759307711797083?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/8493759307711797083/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=8493759307711797083' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/8493759307711797083'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/8493759307711797083'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2011/12/visceral-adiposity.html' title='VISCERAL ADIPOSITY'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wBh6G0PVv7s/TvbgAqu5UyI/AAAAAAAAEVA/iawP5cTLPLA/s72-c/visceral+adiposity+1.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-4264417332937616987</id><published>2011-12-25T00:28:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-25T05:13:01.671-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SIÊU ÂM KHÔNG THỂ TIÊN ĐOÁN GAN THẤM MỠ Ở TRẺ BÉO PHÌ NẶNG</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;US Cannot Be Used to Predict the Presence or Severity of Hepatic Steatosis in Severely Obese Adolescents&lt;/strong&gt;, Anneloes E. Bohte, Bart G. P. Koot, Olga H. van der Baan-Slootweg, Jochem R. van Werven, Shandra Bipat, Aart J. Nederveen, Peter L. M. Jansen, Marc A. Benninga, and Jaap Stoker, Radiology January 2012 262:327-334; Published online November 21, 2011.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SIÊU ÂM KHÔNG THỂ TIÊN ĐOÁN GAN THẤM MỠ Ở TRẺ BÉO PHÌ NẶNG&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trong một nhóm 104 trẻ em (47 nam và 57 nữ), tuổi bình quân 14,5 (từ 8,3- 18,9) với cho điểm trung bình BMI hiệu chỉnh theo tuổi (BMI z score) là 3,3 (từ 2,6-4,1). Siêu âm gan thấm mỡ ở trẻ béo phì được đối chiếu với cộng hưởng tử phổ cho thấy tần suất của substantial steatosis là 15,4% với độ nhạy siêu âm là 75%, độ chuyên biệt là 87,5%, giá trị tiên đoán dương và âm là 52,2% và 95,1%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tuy nhiên, kết quả siêu âm dương tính &lt;strong&gt;không thể&lt;/strong&gt; được dùng để tiên đoán chính xác&amp;nbsp;trẻ béo phì có gan thấm mỡ và độ nặng của nó, mà cần thêm phương tiện chẩn đoán hình ảnh khác. Trong khi đó kết quả siêu âm âm tính loại trừ gan thấm mỡ có độ chính xác chấp nhận được.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose&lt;/strong&gt;: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US) for the assessment of hepatic steatosis in severely obese adolescents, with proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy as the reference standard, and to provide insight on the influence of prevalence on predictive values by calculating positive and negative posttest probabilities. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: This prospective study was institutional review board approved. All participants, and/or their legal representatives, gave written informed consent. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the overall presence of steatosis and for the presence of substantial (moderate to severe) steatosis. Positive and negative posttest probabilities were calculated and plotted against prevalence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: A total of 104 children (47 male, 57 female) were prospectively included. Mean age was 14.5 years (range, 8.3–18.9 years) and mean age–adjusted standard deviation body mass index (BMI) score (BMI z score) was 3.3 (range, 2.6–4.1). The overall prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 46.2% (48 of 104). Sensitivity of US was 85.4% (41 of 48), specificity was 55.4% (31 of 56), PPV was 62.1% (41 of 66), and NPV was 81.6% (31 of 38). The prevalence of substantial steatosis was 15.4% (16 of 104), with US sensitivity of 75.0% (12 of 16) and specificity of 87.5% (77 of 88). PPV was 52.2% (12 of 23) and NPV was 95.1% (77 of 81). Plotting of posttest probabilities against prevalence for both disease degrees demonstrated how disease prevalence influences US accuracy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: Positive US results in severely obese adolescents cannot be used to accurately predict the presence and severity of hepatic steatosis, and additional imaging is required. Negative US results exclude the presence of substantial steatosis with acceptable accuracy. Steatosis prevalence differs among specific populations, strongly influencing posttest probabilities. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© RSNA, 2011&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-4264417332937616987?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/4264417332937616987/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=4264417332937616987' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/4264417332937616987'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/4264417332937616987'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2011/12/us-cannot-be-used-to-predict-presence.html' title='SIÊU ÂM KHÔNG THỂ TIÊN ĐOÁN GAN THẤM MỠ Ở TRẺ BÉO PHÌ NẶNG'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-1414208012070000310</id><published>2011-12-23T03:22:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-23T06:20:59.383-08:00</updated><title type='text'>SIÊU ÂM ĐÀN HỒI TINH HOÀN</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;Real-time tissue elastography for testicular lesion assessment, &lt;/strong&gt;Goddi A, Sacchi A, Magistretti G, Almolla J, Salvadore M.&lt;br /&gt;Eur Radiol. 2011 Oct 26. [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MỤC TIÊU: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nhằm đánh giá khả năng siêu âm đàn hồi tức thì&amp;nbsp;(real-time Elastography, RTE) khi phân biệt tổn thương lành tính và ác tính của tinh hoàn.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PHƯƠNG PHÁP: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RTE xác định 144 tổn thương của 88 tinh hoàn. Hình siêu âm đàn hồi của tổn thương được đánh giá bằng bảng tính điểm màu mã hoá của&amp;nbsp;Itoh (Radiology 2006), bằng cách dựa vào phân bố độ biến dạng gây ra do đè ép nhẹ với đầu dò siêu âm. Các dấu hiệu RTE được phân tích gồm dạng (shape) (nốt/ giả nốt, nodular/pseudo-nodular), kích thước (size) (nhỏ hơn 5 mm, 6-10 mm, lớn hơn 11 mm)&amp;nbsp;và cho&amp;nbsp;điểm (score) (SC1-5) của tổn thương.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KẾT QUẢ: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;93,7%&amp;nbsp; của tất cả tổn thương lành tính cho thấy kiểu đàn hồi hoàn toàn&amp;nbsp;(complete elastic pattern (SC1)). 92,9%&amp;nbsp; tổn thương nốt lành tính&amp;nbsp;nhỏ hơn 5 mm và 100% tổn thương giả nốt có gần như complete elastic pattern (chủ yếu&amp;nbsp;SC1). 87,5% nốt ác tính&amp;nbsp;có kiểu cứng (stiff pattern) (SC4-5). RTE có&amp;nbsp;độ nhạy 87,5% , độ đặc hiệu 98,2% , 93,3%&amp;nbsp; giá trị tiên đoán dương, 96,4% giá trị tiên đoán âm và&amp;nbsp; độ chính xác là 95,8% khi phân biệt tổn thương&amp;nbsp;ác tính với lành tính.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;KẾT LUẬN: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RTE là kỹ thuật có ích trong đánh giá các nốt nhỏ&amp;nbsp; và các giả nốt của tinh hoàn. Điều này có liên quan đến thực hành lâm sàng khi xử trí các ca RTE lựa chọn. Dường như RTE ít có liên quan đến những tổn thương lớn vì hầu hết là ác tính đối với siêu âm, làm giới hạn vai trò của RTE trong xác chẩn đơn giản. &lt;br /&gt;KEY POINTS :&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;• Vai trò mới nổi của&amp;nbsp;siêu&amp;nbsp;âm&amp;nbsp;đàn hồi trong theo dõi các tổn thương tinh hoàn nhỏ&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;• Siêu âm phân biệt tổn thương lành tính với ác tính tốt hơn&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;• Có thể giảm việc theo dõi các tổn thương đàn hồi tinh hoàn trong siêu âm đàn hồi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Fxzv2SNv6rg/TvRjwowGgsI/AAAAAAAAESY/TfRCi9dKXyM/s1600/TESTI+0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="202" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Fxzv2SNv6rg/TvRjwowGgsI/AAAAAAAAESY/TfRCi9dKXyM/s400/TESTI+0.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MTec-wsG7iw/TvRj2XPJx0I/AAAAAAAAESk/E0YaIom8XFE/s1600/TESTI+00.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="190" rea="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MTec-wsG7iw/TvRj2XPJx0I/AAAAAAAAESk/E0YaIom8XFE/s400/TESTI+00.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_KwbNN_6vvA/TvRqzytvQMI/AAAAAAAAETg/uTkg2Rc_B2g/s1600/F+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_KwbNN_6vvA/TvRqzytvQMI/AAAAAAAAETg/uTkg2Rc_B2g/s400/F+1.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Cv0wiJISo68/TvRj7_2NEtI/AAAAAAAAESw/V3puRwsHHLo/s1600/TESTI+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="301" rea="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Cv0wiJISo68/TvRj7_2NEtI/AAAAAAAAESw/V3puRwsHHLo/s400/TESTI+1.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LjqH2XWZG0M/TvRkEsbQFMI/AAAAAAAAES8/vkPRfScnPHg/s1600/TESTI+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="298" rea="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LjqH2XWZG0M/TvRkEsbQFMI/AAAAAAAAES8/vkPRfScnPHg/s400/TESTI+2.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0m41AnDW7AI/TvRq-tOd0vI/AAAAAAAAETs/DlmwquWGOAE/s1600/F+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="295" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0m41AnDW7AI/TvRq-tOd0vI/AAAAAAAAETs/DlmwquWGOAE/s400/F+4.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bFDwOgA3Lbw/TvRkKc-mNpI/AAAAAAAAETI/C3emlgdPNFY/s1600/TESTI+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" rea="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bFDwOgA3Lbw/TvRkKc-mNpI/AAAAAAAAETI/C3emlgdPNFY/s400/TESTI+3.png" width="383" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wZgL5qkvrlI/TvRkP9HI6zI/AAAAAAAAETU/7kh5QwSe6S8/s1600/TESTI+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="103" rea="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wZgL5qkvrlI/TvRkP9HI6zI/AAAAAAAAETU/7kh5QwSe6S8/s400/TESTI+4.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6063797193798563361-1414208012070000310?l=nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/feeds/1414208012070000310/comments/default' title='Đăng Nhận xét'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6063797193798563361&amp;postID=1414208012070000310' title='0 Nhận xét'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1414208012070000310'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6063797193798563361/posts/default/1414208012070000310'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://nguyenthienhung.blogspot.com/2011/12/sieu-am-hoi-tinh-hoan.html' title='SIÊU ÂM ĐÀN HỒI TINH HOÀN'/><author><name>VIETNAMESE MEDIC ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16193907114922897084</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3tOPXgGH2os/TvwCjxMpTcI/AAAAAAAAEYo/cqF1U3-qEU8/s220/US_medic.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Fxzv2SNv6rg/TvRjwowGgsI/AAAAAAAAESY/TfRCi9dKXyM/s72-c/TESTI+0.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6063797193798563361.post-7386956663809150370</id><published>2011-12-19T09:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-25T00:01:36.484-08:00</updated><title type='text'>HÌNH ẢNH SIÊU ÂM VIÊM TÚI THỪA ĐẠI TRÀNG SIGMA</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;Viêm túi thừa đại tràng sigma (Sigmoid diverticulitis)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Từ&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/strong&gt;Acute Abdomen- Ultrasonography&amp;nbsp;của Julian Puylaert, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: #003366; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7eaaff; font-size: 7.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;Department of Radiology, &lt;placename w:st="on"&gt;MCH&lt;/placename&gt; &lt;placename w:st="on"&gt;Westeinde&lt;/placename&gt; &lt;placetype w:st="on"&gt;Hospital&lt;/placetype&gt;, &lt;city w:st="on"&gt;The Hague&lt;/city&gt;, The &lt;country-region w:st="on"&gt;&lt;place w:st="on"&gt;Netherlands&lt;/place&gt;&lt;/country-region&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3yn1_56cwaI/Tu9sCmvzA_I/AAAAAAAAENk/Y6K5mNfOX3A/s1600/diverticulitis+P+0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="220" oda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3yn1_56cwaI/Tu9sCmvzA_I/AAAAAAAAENk/Y6K5mNfOX3A/s320/diverticulitis+P+0.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-m1wsj6EL_rM/TvClFOlZuzI/AAAAAAAAEPQ/Ry8MocYhOHw/s1600/diverticulitis_US.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" oda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-m1wsj6EL_rM/TvClFOlZuzI/AAAAAAAAEPQ/Ry8MocYhOHw/s320/diverticulitis_US.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qJo1M6D6GuQ/Tu9sQdIZe9I/AAAAAAAAENs/Rji3eQ8UhAE/s1600/diverticulitis+P+00.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="209" oda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qJo1M6D6GuQ/Tu9sQdIZe9I/AAAAAAAAENs/Rji3eQ8UhAE/s320/diverticulitis+P+00.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bình thường, đại tràng sigma (sigmoid) rỗng. Mặt cắt theo trục (axial view) trong giai đoạn thư giãn và nén ép bằng&amp;nbsp;đầu dò siêu&amp;nbsp;âm&amp;nbsp;cho thấy giải phẫu đại tràng tốt nhất. Lưu ý&amp;nbsp;3 dải cơ dọc&amp;nbsp;(coli teniae), có thể nhìn thấy như là chỗ dày khu trú của lớp cơ. Lưu ý sự chia tách của mỗi tenia từ các lớp cơ vòng bởi một lớp mỏng, echogenic của mô liên kết (mủi tên). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Km_EujjAFDg/Tu9seAs8c-I/AAAAAAAAEN0/UBhHNyHvCBg/s1600/diverticulitis+P+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="241" oda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Km_EujjAFDg/Tu9seAs8c-I/AAAAAAAAEN0/UBhHNyHvCBg/s320/diverticulitis+P+1.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chẩn đoán sigmoid diverticulitis thường được thực hiện ở lâm sàng.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trong trường hợp kinh điển, bệnh nhân đau khu trú và luôn canh chừng bụng dưới T, sốt, tăng bạch cầu, và trễ hơn, tăng&amp;nbsp;tỷ lệ máu lắng. Tuy nhiên, việc chẩn đoán&amp;nbsp;không luôn rõ ràng.&lt;br /&gt;Một mặt các dấu hiệu lâm sàng có thể không điển hình đến nỗi ban đầu được chẩn đoán khác, như nhiễm trùng đường tiết niệu, đau quặn thận, thủng loét dạ dày, viêm phần phụ hoặc, - trong trường hợp diverticulitis của quai P của sigmoid- là viêm ruột thừa.&lt;br /&gt;Mặt khác, bác sĩ có thể nghĩ đến sigmoid diverticulitis trong khi thực sự là bệnh khác, như sigmoid carcinoma, epiploic appendagitis (viêm bờm mỡ), vấn đề phụ khoa hoặc niệu khoa&amp;nbsp;hoặc thậm chí&amp;nbsp;vỡ phình động mạch chủ.&lt;br /&gt;Trong tất cả các trường hợp này, siêu âm có vai trò&amp;nbsp;chẩn đoán chính xác tại một thời điểm sớm.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trên siêu âm, đại tràng xuống bình thường và phần trên của sigmoid có thể được xác định chắc trong&amp;nbsp;tất cả bệnh nhân, nhờ vị trí phía ngoài trong rãnh paracolic trái.&lt;br /&gt;Hình thức siêu âm của sigmoid bình thường rất thay đổi.&lt;br /&gt;Lòng có thể rỗng hoặc đầy phân, và sigmoid có thể co thắt hoặc giãn (hình).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FU6ykJ2SWmI/Tu9s8J4-0KI/AAAAAAAAEN8/uJzqFh7X8M0/s1600/diverticulitis+P+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="198" oda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FU6ykJ2SWmI/Tu9s8J4-0KI/AAAAAAAAEN8/uJzqFh7X8M0/s320/diverticulitis+P+2.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yếu tố thứ ba có ảnh hưởng đến là sự nén của đầu dò, làm dẹt đại tràng.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lớp cơ trong bệnh viêm túi thừa (diverticulosis) thường dày rõ và&amp;nbsp;các túi thừa (diverticula) có chứa fecolith rất dễ&amp;nbsp;nhận ra, đó là cấu trúc lớn (4-12 mm), phản âm mạnh, dạng vòng-bầu dục, &amp;nbsp;tạo bóng âm và khu trú bên ngoài của đường viền ruột của đại tràng co thắt.&lt;br /&gt;Nếu sigmoid đầy phân, hầu như không 
